Chapter 5 - Muscular System

Question 1

Musculotendinous

Answer 1

point where muscle meets tendon

Question 2

Tenoperiosteal junction

Answer 2

point where tendon meets bone

Question 3

Insertion

Answer 3

more moveable bone and moves toward origin

Question 4

Origin

Answer 4

more stable bone, fixed

Question 5

Reverse muscle action

Answer 5

instead of the insertion moving toward the origin, the origin is now moving toward the insertion

Question 6

Parallel muscle

Answer 6

fibers tend to be longer and thus have a greater potential for shortening and producing more ROM

Question 7

Oblique muscles

Answer 7

fibers tend to be shorter but are more numerous per given area than parallel fibers and tend to have a greater strength potential but smaller ROM potential

Question 8

Strap muscles

Answer 8

long and thin fibers running the entire length of the muscle

Question 9

Fusiform muscle

Answer 9

similar shape of a spindle

Question 10

Rhomboidal muscle

Answer 10

four sided, usually flat with broad attachment at each end

Question 11

Triangular muscles

Answer 11

flat and fan-shaped with fibers radiating from a narrow attachment at one end of a broad attachment at the other

Question 12

Unipennate muscles

Answer 12

look like one side of a feather

Question 13

Bipennate muscle

Answer 13

look like a feather

Question 14

Multipennate muscle

Answer 14

have many tendons with oblique fibers in between

Question 15

Normal resting length

Answer 15

length of a muscles when it is not shorted or lengthened, no forces or stresses placed upon it

Question 16

Irritability

Answer 16

ability to respond to a stimulus

Question 17

Contractility

Answer 17

muscle’s ability to contract and generate force when it recieves adequate stimulation

Question 18

Extensibility

Answer 18

muscles ability to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied

Question 19

Elasticity

Answer 19

muscles ability to recoil or return to normal resting length when the stretching or shortening forces is removed

Question 20

Fascicles

Answer 20

bundles of muscles

Question 21

Myofibrils

Answer 21

each individual muscle fiber is composed of a smaller bundle

Question 22

Sarcomeres

Answer 22

myofibrils partitioned longitudinally into functional divisions, capable of shortening when stimulated

Question 23

Z-lines

Answer 23

seperated sarcomeres from each other

Question 24

Sliding filament theory

Answer 24

interaction between the actin and myosin, explaining how force is produced during a muscle contraction and how the sarcomere is shortened

Question 25

Muscles tension

Answer 25

force built up within a muscle

Question 26

Tone

Answer 26

slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times, even when the muscles is resting

Question 27

Excursion

Answer 27

distance from a maximum lengthening to maximum shortening

Question 28

Optimal length

Answer 28

when a muscle has a slight stretch but is not overstretched

Question 29

Active insufficiency

Answer 29

point at which a muscle cannot shorten any farther

Question 30

Passive insufficiency

Answer 30

when a multijoint muscle cannot be lengthened any farther without damage to its fibers

Question 31

Adaptive lengthening

Answer 31

strengthening of overstretched muscles

Question 32

Adaptive shortening

Answer 32

resting muscle length and amount of extensibility decrease

Question 33

Tenodesis

Answer 33

when the wrist is extended the fingers and thumb flex into the palm and then when the wrist is flexed the fingers and thumb open

Question 34

Isometric contraction

Answer 34

when a muscle contracts, producing force without changing length of a muscle

Question 35

Concentric contraction

Answer 35

when there is joint movement, the muscles shorten, and the muscle attachments move toward each other

Question 36

Eccentric contraction

Answer 36

when there is joint motino but the muscle appears to lengthen; muscle attachments separate

Question 37

Gravity eliminated position

Answer 37

position used if a muscle is too weak to move against gravity to exercise

Question 38

Isokinetic contraction

Answer 38

less common type of muscle contraction - speed of motion stays the same for the duration of the contraction

Question 39

Agonist

Answer 39

muscle or muscle group that causes the motion

Question 40

Prime mover

Answer 40

muscle that provides the primary force driving the action

Question 41

Assisting mover

Answer 41

muscle that is not as effective but does assist in providing motion

Question 42

Antagonist

Answer 42

muscle that performs the opposite motion of the agonist

Question 43

Cocontraction

Answer 43

when the antagonist contracts at the same time as the agonist

Question 44

Stabilizer

Answer 44

muscle or muscle group that supports, or makes firm, a part allowing the agonist to work more efficiently

Question 45

Neutralizer

Answer 45

contraction to prevent the unwatned motion if a muscle can do two or more actions but only one is wanted

Question 46

Synergist

Answer 46

nonspecific term descibing a muscle that work with one or more other muscles to enhance a particular motion

Question 47

Closed kinetic chain

Answer 47

distal segment is fixed (closed) and the proximal segment(s) move

Question 48

Open kinetic chain

Answer 48

distal segment is free

Question 49

Trigger points

Answer 49

hyperirritable points within a tight band of muscle that refer pain to other areas of the body when they are active or palpated