Chapter 9 - Shoulder Girdle

Question 1

What makes up the shoulder complex?

Answer 1

scapula, clavicle, sternum, humerus, and rib cage

Question 2

What joints are found the shoulder complex?

Answer 2

SC, AC, GH, Scapulothoracic articulation

Question 3

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

Answer 3

scapula and clavicle

Question 4

What makes up the shoulder joint?

Answer 4

scapula and humerus - make up the GH joint

Question 5

Scapulothoracic articulation

Answer 5

a unit that gathers the SC and AC joints and the junction between the anterior surface of the scapula and the thoracic cage (connected indirectly by the clavicle and several muscles)

Question 6

Scapula

Answer 6

Triangular-shaped bone located superficially on the posterior side of the thorax and located between ribs 2 and 7

Question 7

Sternum

Answer 7

Flat bone located in the midline of the ant. thorax

Question 8

Sternoclavicular joint (SC)

Answer 8

• formed by the articulation between the manubrium of the sternum and the medial end of the clavicle
• synovial joint that provides the shoulder girdle with its only direct attachment to the trunk

Question 9

Sternoclavicular ligament

Answer 9

connects the clavicle to the sternum on both the anterior (anterior sternoclavicular ligament) and posterior (posterior sternoclavicular ligament) surfaces

Question 10

Costoclavicular ligament

Answer 10

a short, flat, rhomboid-shaped ligament that connects the inferior clavicle surface to the superior surface of the costal cartilage of the first rib

Question 11

Interclavicular ligament

Answer 11

located on top of the manubrium, connecting the superior sternal ends of the clavicles

Question 12

Acromioclavicular joint (AC)

Answer 12

connects the acromion process of the scapula and the lateral (acromion) end of the clavicle
- plane-shaped synovial joint that allows a gliding motion to occur, contributing toward movement in three planes of motion

Question 13

Acromioclavicular ligaments

Answer 13

Reinforce the AC joint by holding the acromion process to the clavicle which helps prevent dislocation of the clavicle

Question 14

Coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 14

accessory ligament to the AC joint that provides stability to the joint and allows the scapula to be suspended from the clavicle

Question 15

Coracoacromion ligament

Answer 15

forms a roof over the head of the humerus and serves as a protective arch, providing support to the head when an upward force is transmitted along the humerus

Question 16

Scapulothoracic articulation

Answer 16

provides motion necessary for normal function of the scapula

Question 17

Scapular elevation

Answer 17

scapula moves superior

Question 18

Scapular depression

Answer 18

scapula moves inferiorly

Question 19

Scapular protraction

Answer 19

scapula moves away from posterior midline

Question 20

Scapular retraction

Answer 20

scapula moves back toward the posterior midline

Question 21

Scapular upward rotation

Answer 21

inferior angle of the scapula rotates up and away from the vertebral column

Question 22

Scapular downward rotation

Answer 22

Return to the resting anatomical position from upward rotation

Question 23

Scapular tilt

Answer 23

shoulder joint goes into hyperextension

Question 24

Scapular winging

Answer 24

vertebral border of the scapula moves away from the rib cage, happening primarily at the AC joint but can also occur at the scapulothoracic articulation

Question 25

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 25

• movement relationship between the shoulder girdle and the shoulder joint
• first 30 degrees of shoulder joint motion is pure
• after that, for every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction, the scapula must rotate 1 degree upward
• 2:1 ration

Question 26

What muscles make up the shoulder girdle?

Answer 26

trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboids, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

Question 27

Upper Trapezius origin

Answer 27

occipital bone, nuchal ligament on upper cervical spinous processes

Question 28

Upper Trapezius insertion

Answer 28

the outer third of clavicle, acromion process

Question 29

Upper Trapezius action

Answer 29

scapular elevation and upward rotation

Question 30

Middle Trapezius origin

Answer 30

spinous processes of C7-T3

Question 31

Middle Trapezius insertion

Answer 31

scapular spine

Question 32

Middle Trapezius action

Answer 32

scapular retraction

Question 33

Lower Trapezius origin

Answer 33

spinous processes of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae

Question 34

Lower Trapezius insertion

Answer 34

base of scapular spine

Question 35

Lower Trapezius action

Answer 35

scapular depression and upward rotation

Question 36

Levator Scapulae origin

Answer 36

transverse processes of C1-4

Question 37

Levator Scapulae insertion

Answer 37

vertebral border of scapula between the superior angle and spine

Question 38

Levator Scapulae action

Answer 38

scapular elevation and downward rotation

Question 39

Rhomboid origin

Answer 39

spinous process C7-T5

Question 40

Rhomboid insertion

Answer 40

vertebral border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle

Question 41

Rhomboid action

Answer 41

scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation

Question 42

Serratus Anterior origin

Answer 42

lateral surface of the upper 8 ribs

Question 43

Serratus Anterior insertion

Answer 43

vertebral border of the scapula, anterior surface

Question 44

Pectoralis Minor origin

Answer 44

anterior surface, ribs 3-5

Question 45

Pectoralis Minor insertion

Answer 45

coracoid process of the scapula

Question 46

Pectoralis Minor action

Answer 46

scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation, and tilt

Question 47

Force couple

Answer 47

muscles pulling in different directions to accomplish the same motion

Question 48

Reverse muscle action

Answer 48

if the insertion is stabilized, the origin will move

Question 49

Clavicular fractures

Answer 49

account for the most frequently broken bone in children as a result of a fall on the lateral aspect of the shoulder or an outstretched hand