Biochemistry - Functional Groups, Reactions, and Linkage Groups

Question 1

Hydroxyl, charge, major class

Answer 1

C-OH, polar, alcohols

Question 2

Carbonyl, charge, major class

Answer 2

C=O, polar, aldehydes (on edge), keytone (inside)

Question 3

Carboxyl, charge, major class

Answer 3

C-COOH, ionic (charged), organic acids

Question 4

Amino, charge, major class

Answer 4

C-NH2, ionic (charged), amino acids

Question 5

Phosphate, charge, major class

Answer 5

C-PO4, ionic (charged), nucleotide; nucleic acids; many other cellular molecules

Question 6

Sulfhydryl, charge, major class

Answer 6

C-SH, very slightly polar, many cellular molecules (e.g. proteins)

Question 7

Ether Linkage

Answer 7

Hydroxyl + hydroxyl

Question 8

Ester Linkage

Answer 8

Carboxyl + hydroxyl

Question 9

Peptide Linkage

Answer 9

Amino + carboxyl

Question 10

Condensation reaction (dehydration)

Answer 10

Two monomers bond to form a polymer, OH and H (H2O) are removed from the functional groups

Question 11

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 11

A polymer is broken down into monomers with the addition of OH and H (H2O) to the functional groups at the bond.