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milady esthetics > ch 7 - basics of chemistry > Flashcards

ch 7 - basics of chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what has physical properties that we can see, smell, taste, and touch

a. radiation
b. matter
c. energy
d. electricity

A

matter

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2
Q

what causes oxidation

a. addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen
b. addition of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen
c. addition of both oxygen and hydrogen
d. loss of both oxygen and hydrogen

A

addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen

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3
Q

what is an ion

a. atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge
b. atom or molecule without an electrical charge
c. dust particle left over after the ionization process
d. spark discharged during the ionization process

A

atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

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4
Q

what is an atom with a positive electrical charge

a. neutron
b. anion
c. cation
d. molecule

A

cation

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5
Q

what is an ion with a negative charge

a. anion
b. cation
c. molecule
d. neutron

A

anion

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6
Q

what does the term miscible mean

a. incapable of being mixed
b. capable of being mixed
c. incapable of being ionized
d. capable of being ionized

A

capable of being mixed

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7
Q

what is united with the aid of an emulsifier to create an emulsion

a. two or more miscible substances
b. two or more immiscible substances
c. a reduction and a solution
d. a surfactant and a liquid

A

two or more immiscible substances

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8
Q

what is a solution

a. unstable mixture of the largest particles
b. unstable mixture of an emulsion and a reduction
c. uniform mixture of two or more mutually immiscible substances
d. uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances

A

uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances

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9
Q

what is air

a. shell of radiation surrounding Earth
b. gaseous mixture that makes up the Earth’s atmosphere
c. common name for the chemical that makes the sky appear blue
d. water vapor that forms clouds

A

gaseous mixture that makes up the Earth’s atmosphere

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10
Q

what is true of liquid

a. it is matter with fixed volume and definite shape
b. it is matter with no fixed volume and no definite shape
c. it is matter with fixed volume but no definite shape
d. it is matter with no fixed volume but definite shape

A

it is matter with fixed volume but no definite shape

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11
Q

what is NOT true of atoms

a. all matter is composed of atoms
b. they are small particles of elements
c. all atoms are identical
d. atoms consist of smaller particles

A

all atoms are identical

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12
Q

what is true of oxygen

a. it is the most abundant element on Earth
b. it is the least abundant element on Earth
c. it should not be infested because it is poisonous to humans
d. contrary to popular belief, there is no oxygen in the air

A

it is the most abundant element on Earth

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13
Q

what is true of water

a. it is the most abundant of all substances on Earth
b. it is a relatively scarce substance
c. water comprises a very small portion of the human body
d. the human body is made entirely of water

A

it is the most abundant of all substances on Earth

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14
Q

what is true of elements

a. there are only five basic elements in the universe
b. in chemistry, the main elements are sunshine, clouds, rain, and snow
c. elements are the most complex form of matter
d. elements are the simplest form of matter

A

elements are the simplest form of matter

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15
Q

what is light a form of

a. energy
b. matter
c. gas
d. liquid

A

energy

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16
Q

what is true of each of the approximately 90 naturally occurring elements

a. though chemical properties vary, all have the same physical properties
b. though physical properties vary, all have the same chemical properties
c. all share the same physical and chemical properties
d. each has its own distinctive physical and chemical properties

A

each has its own distinctive physical and chemical properties

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17
Q

what term refers to molecules that contain two or more atoms of the same element

a. atomic molecules
b. chemical molecules
c. radiological molecules
d. elemental molecules

A

elemental molecules

18
Q

what businesses primarily use oil-in-water emulsions

a. auto repair shops
b. bakeries
c. salons and spas
d. fast-food restaurants

A

salons and spas

19
Q

what is true of moisturizer

a. it is an oil-in-water emulsion
b. It is a water-in-oil emulsion
c. it is an oil-in-water reduction
d. it is a water-in-oil reduction

A

it is an oil-in-water emulsion

20
Q

what is a difference between water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions

a. O/W emulsions are greasier
b. W/O emulsions are greasier
c. O/W emulsions are not easily rinsed away with water
d. W/O emulsions are easily rinsed away with water

A

W/O emulsions are greasier

21
Q

what are most skin care products

a. reductions of oil and water
b. emulsions of oil and water
c. solutions of oil and water
d. suspensions of oil and water

A

emulsions of oil and water

22
Q

what term means “water-loving”

a. hydrocentric
b. hydroactive
c. hydrophobic
d. hydrophilic

A

hydrophilic

23
Q

what term means “oil-loving”

a. lipophilic
b. lipocentric
c. lipoactive
d. lipophobic

A

lipophilic

24
Q

how much of the air is made up of nitrogen

a. one-quarter
b. three-eights
c. two-thirds
d. four-fifths

A

four-fifths

25
Q

what is the science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

a. physiology
b. ergonomics
c. biology
d. chemistry

A

chemistry

26
Q

what are the two branches of chemistry

a. alkaline and acidic
b. organic and inorganic
c. anagen and catagen
d. artificial and natural

A

organic and inorganic

27
Q

what element is absent from the compounds studied in inorganic chemistry

a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. carbon
d. helium

A

carbon

28
Q

what is the study of substances that contain carbon

a. carbon chemistry
b. carbon dating
c. organic chemistry
d. organic dating

A

organic chemistry

29
Q

what element is found in all living things, whether they are plants or animals

a. zinc
b. helium
c. radon
d. carbon

A

carbon

30
Q

what is any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution

a. suspension
b. matter
c. solute
d. emulsion

A

solute

31
Q

what do antioxidants prevent by neutralizing free radicals

a. radicalization
b. oxidation
c. oxygenation
d. ionization

A

oxidation

32
Q

what type of neutralization reaction forms water and salt

a. reduction-compound
b. atom-alkali
c. acid-alkali
d. solution-compound

A

acid-alkali

33
Q

what is the natural pH of the skin

a. 3.5
b. 5.5
c. 7.0
d. 7.5

A

5.5

34
Q

what term refers to substances with pH below 7.0

a. acids
b. alkalis
c. bases
d. solutes

A

acids

35
Q

what are substances with a pH above 7.0

a. acids
b. alkalis
c. reductions
b. solutions

A

alkalis

36
Q

what type of substance has a pH level of 7.0

a. alkaline
b. acidic
c. neutral
d. toxic

A

neutral

37
Q

what are suspensions

a. chemical compounds made from a reduction and a solution
b. chemical compounds made from a reduction and a suspension
c. unstable mixtures of two or more immiscible substances
d. stable mixtures of two or more immiscible substances

A

unstable mixtures is two or more immiscible substances

38
Q

what is reduction

a. loss of both oxygen and hydrogen
b. addition of both oxygen and hydrogen
c. loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen
d. addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen

A

loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen

39
Q

what is the term that refers to matter in its three physical forms (liquid, solid, gas)

a. states of matter
b. physical properties
c. appearances of matter
d. chemical properties

A

states of matter

40
Q

how much of the Earth’s surface, approximately, is water

a. 10 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 75 percent
d. 100 percent

A

75 percent

milady esthetics (46 decks)

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