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Brandon’s Anatomy Flash Cards > Test 2 Part 1 > Flashcards

Test 2 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

viscerocranium

A

Facial Skeleton

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2
Q

Neurocranium

A

Cranial cavity and skull cap (calvaria)

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3
Q

Bones of viscerocranium

A

2 Nasal bone
Horizontal plate of palatine bone
2 lacrimal bones
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
2 Zymgomatic bones
Maxilla
Inf. Nasal conchae
Vomer
Mandible

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4
Q

Bones of Cranial Cavity

A

Frontal bone
2 parietal bones
2 temporal bones
occipital bone

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5
Q

Superior Nuchal Line

A

Where upper trap attaches to occipital bone

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6
Q

Diseases that may lead to formation of Wormian bones

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency
cleidocranial dysostosis (missing or small clavicle)
Down syndrome

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7
Q

How many layers of bone in Neurocranium?

A

3

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8
Q

3 Layers of Neurocranium bone

A

Superficial - outer table (compact, dense)
Intermediate - Cancellous bone (diploe)
Houses and protects red bone marrow
Houses venous pathways
Deep - Inner table (compact, dense, brittle)

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9
Q

Diploid Veins Functions

A

drain the scalp
drain the neurocranium
terminate in dural venous sinuses q

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10
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A

venous channels formed from dura mater found in the cranial cavity

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11
Q

Emissary veins

A

receive venous drainage from the scalp and diploic veins, pierce the skill and drain internally.

Don’t have valves, so provide route for the spread of infection from the scalp to the cranial cavity and can affect the brain and or the meninges.

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12
Q

Parts of the Orbit

A

Roof
Medial wall
lateral wall
floor
apex

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13
Q

Roof of orbit

A

Frontal bone with orbital plate

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14
Q

Medial wall of orbit

A

lacrimal bone
ethmoid bone (orbital plate)
small tip of perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

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15
Q

Lateral wall of orbit

A

zygomatic bone

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16
Q

floor of orbit

A

maxilla

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17
Q

Apex of orbit

A

sphenoid bone (greater wing)
contains the optic canal, Optic nerve CN II, and
ophthalmic artery

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18
Q

Openings of the orbit

A

Optic canal
sup. orbital fissure
Inf. orbital fissure
infraorbital nerve
Nasolacrimal canal (contains nasolacrimal duct)

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19
Q

Optic Canal contents

A

Optic nerve (CN II)
ophthalmic artery

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20
Q

Sup. orbital fissure contents

A

???

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21
Q

Inf. orbital fissure

A

infraorbital vein
infraorbital nerve

22
Q

infra-orbital groove contents

A

infraorbital nerve

23
Q

Pterion

A

Where parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bone meet.
This is a weak point. Important because damage to pterion will damage the ant. branch of middle meningeal artery and an epidural hematoma forms.

24
Q

Fatality rates of epidural hematomas?

A

15-20% Used to be 50% though

25
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

injury to middle meningeal artery, this artery runs between the dura mater and inner table of bone

26
Q

What make up Ant. Cranial Fossa?

A

2 lesser wings of sphenoid bone (with ant. clinoid processes)
Frontal bone & 2 orbital plates
2 Cribriform Plates of ethmoid bone
Crista gali of ethmoid bone

27
Q

What does petrous portion of temporal bone house?

A

Cochlea (hearing)
Vestibule (static positioning)
3 Semicircular canals (balance and equilibrium)

28
Q

What makes up Post. Cranial fossa?

A

occipital bone
parietal bone
petrous portion of the temporal bone

29
Q

What make up middle cranial fossa?

A

Greater wing and body of the sphenoid bone
petrous and squamous parts of temporal bone

30
Q

4 movements of the Mandible

A

Protrusion (lateral pterygoid muscle assisted by medial pterygoid muscle)

Retraction (post. fibers of temporalis, deep part of masseter, geniogyoid, and digastic muscles)

Elevation (temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid m.)

Depression (gravity, digastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles

Can also do some lateral movement

31
Q

5 layers of the scalp?

A

Skin
Connective tissue
(Galea )Aponeurosis ( connect frontalis & occipitalis muscles)
loose connective tissue
pericranium (periosteum)

32
Q

How many bones in the skull?

A

22

33
Q

What makes up Nervous System?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

34
Q

Makes up CNS?

A

Brain
Spinal Cord

35
Q

Makes up PNS?

A

Nerves
Ganglia

36
Q

How many pair of Spinal Nerves?

A

31

37
Q

What form Spinal nerves?

A

Dorsal and Ventral roots

38
Q

Sensory/Afferent

A

Nerve impulse flows towards the CNS

39
Q

Motor/Efferent

A

Nerve impulse flows away from the CNS

40
Q

What is function of most peripheral nerves?

A

Mixed motor & Sensory

41
Q

Describe Somatic Efferent Neurons

A

Axons to skeletal muscles
large diameter axons
heavily mylinated
rapid conduction (110mph)

42
Q

Autonomic motor fibers (parasympathetic and sympathetic)

A

small diameter and slow conduction
little to no myelin
preganglionic/postganglionic schema

43
Q

Preganglionic motor fibers

A

1st order
originate from a nerve cell cluster located within the CNS. This cluster of nerve cells is called a nucleus.

44
Q

Postganglionic motor fibers

A

2nd order
fibers originate from a nerve cell cluster located outside the CNS, this cluster is known as a ganglion.

45
Q

Peripheral autonomic neuron length?

A

sympathetic preganglionic short
sympathetic post ganglionic long
parasympathetic preganglionic long
parasympathetic post ganglionic short

46
Q

Types of neurons in CNS

A

unipolar
bipolar
multipolar

47
Q

Unipolar neurons

A

cell bodies are located in peripheral sensory ganglia??
give rise to fibers that carry general sensation to the CNS

48
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

cell bodies located in special sensory ganglia
give rise to tibers that carry special sensation to the CNS

49
Q

Special senses

A

vision
olfaction
hearing
balance
taste

50
Q

Multipolar neurons

A

give rise to motor fibers and most internuncials

Brandon’s Anatomy Flash Cards (20 decks)

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