Psychology 1 Flashcards
William James
Emphasized the importance of:
Observing teaching and learning in the classroom for improving education
Start lessons just beyond childâs level of knowledge and understanding to stretch childâs mind
John Dewey
learner
Viewed the child as an active
adaptation to the environment
Emphasized the childâs
education for all children
Pushed for competent
educational psychology lab
E.L. Thorndike
Initiated an emphasis on
measurement of learning
educational psychology
Promoted the idea that
must have a scientific base and that measurement should be a central focus
Leta Hollingworth
First to use the term gifted to describe students who scored exceptionally high on IQ tests
George sanchez
Researcher who demonstrated that intelligence tests were culturally biased against minority children
Mamie and Kenneth clark
Pioneering researchers who studied African American childrenâs self-conceptions and identity
Behavioral approach
B. F. Skinner (1938) â built on Thorndikeâs ideas and attempted to determine the best conditions for learning
Science of observable behavior and controlling conditions
Cognitive Revolution
1950s Bloomâs Taxonomy of Cognitive Skills
â Includes: remembering, comprehending, synthesizing, and evaluating
1980s Cognitive Psychology
â Includes: memory, thinking, reasoningâ to help student learn
Effective Teaching
Subject Matter Knowledge- Exhibit subject matter competence (a teacherâs comprehension of a subject compared to a specialist)
Teaching Subject Matter Knowledge- Implement appropriate instructional strategies; The most appealing manner in which you organize and present the content
Teaching Knowledge- How the basic principles and strategies of a subject are best acquired and retained
Effective teachers teach the process
â emphasize how to learn, rather than what to learn.
â teach students how to read with genuine comprehension, shape an idea, master difficult material, and use writing to clarify thinking.
â include students in the process of teaching and learning (Metzger, 1996).
â Model and communicate good thinking skills
Effective teachers promote academic success
Set high goals for themselves and students and plan for instruction
Create developmentally appropriate instructional materials and activities
Manage classrooms for optimal learning
Use effective strategies to promote studentsâ motivation to learn
Have good assessment knowledge and skills Integrate technology into the curriculum
Effective teachers are reflective of their biases and experiences
Work effectively with students from culturally diverse backgrounds
Communicate well with students and parents
Attend to individual variations
Have confidence in their own self-efficacy
Effective teachers are committed, motivated, and caring
Have a good attitude
Care about students Invest time and effort
Bring a positive attitude and enthusiasm to the classroom