Psychology 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

William James

A

Emphasized the importance of:
Observing teaching and learning in the classroom for improving education
Start lessons just beyond child’s level of knowledge and understanding to stretch child’s mind

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2
Q

John Dewey

A

learner
Viewed the child as an active
adaptation to the environment
Emphasized the child’s
education for all children
Pushed for competent
educational psychology lab

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3
Q

E.L. Thorndike

A

Initiated an emphasis on
measurement of learning

educational psychology
Promoted the idea that
must have a scientific base and that measurement should be a central focus

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4
Q

Leta Hollingworth

A

First to use the term gifted to describe students who scored exceptionally high on IQ tests

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5
Q

George sanchez

A

Researcher who demonstrated that intelligence tests were culturally biased against minority children

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6
Q

Mamie and Kenneth clark

A

Pioneering researchers who studied African American children’s self-conceptions and identity

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7
Q

Behavioral approach

A

B. F. Skinner (1938) – built on Thorndike’s ideas and attempted to determine the best conditions for learning

Science of observable behavior and controlling conditions

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8
Q

Cognitive Revolution

A

1950s Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Skills
– Includes: remembering, comprehending, synthesizing, and evaluating

1980s Cognitive Psychology
– Includes: memory, thinking, reasoning– to help student learn

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9
Q

Effective Teaching

A

Subject Matter Knowledge- Exhibit subject matter competence (a teacher’s comprehension of a subject compared to a specialist)

Teaching Subject Matter Knowledge- Implement appropriate instructional strategies; The most appealing manner in which you organize and present the content

Teaching Knowledge- How the basic principles and strategies of a subject are best acquired and retained

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10
Q

Effective teachers teach the process

A

– emphasize how to learn, rather than what to learn.
– teach students how to read with genuine comprehension, shape an idea, master difficult material, and use writing to clarify thinking.
– include students in the process of teaching and learning (Metzger, 1996).
– Model and communicate good thinking skills

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11
Q

Effective teachers promote academic success

A

Set high goals for themselves and students and plan for instruction
Create developmentally appropriate instructional materials and activities
Manage classrooms for optimal learning
Use effective strategies to promote students’ motivation to learn
Have good assessment knowledge and skills Integrate technology into the curriculum

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12
Q

Effective teachers are reflective of their biases and experiences

A

Work effectively with students from culturally diverse backgrounds
Communicate well with students and parents
Attend to individual variations
Have confidence in their own self-efficacy

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13
Q

Effective teachers are committed, motivated, and caring

A

Have a good attitude
Care about students Invest time and effort
Bring a positive attitude and enthusiasm to the classroom

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