Psych Chapter 5

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

refers to the behavior patterns, beliefs, traditions and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.

Question 2

Culture pt. 2

Answer 2

What happens in other cultures is believed to be “unnatural and incorrect”.

Consequently they tend to behave in ways that favor their cultural group and feel hostility toward other cultural groups

Question 3

Sociocultural diversity

Answer 3

Culture and ethnicity:
Culture
Bilingualism
Ethnicity
SES

Question 4

Individualistic

Answer 4

• Gives priority to personal goals rather than group goals
• Values include feeling good, personal distinction
• Fosters independence

Question 5

Collectivistic

Answer 5

• Values that support the group; personal goals overridden to preserve the group’s integrity
• Encourages interdependence of group members
  *Supports harmonious
  relationships

Question 6

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Answer 6

The grouping of people according to their economic, educational, and occupational characteristics

requires strategies that address issues such as: discipline, motivation, parent involvement, mentoring, and the untapped knowledge these students can access.

Question 7

Children in poverty

Answer 7

Of the 17.4% of U.S. children who live in poverty:
*50% live in African American households
*40% live in Latino households

Question 8

Poor schools

Answer 8

Old, poorly maintained buildings
*Less experienced, young teachers
*More rote learning instead of improving thinking skills
*Environments not conducive to learning

Question 9

Poor students

Answer 9

Greater adversity at home & school
*Less cognitively stimulating home environments
*Lower achievement scores
*Lower graduation rates
*Lower % college bound

Question 10

Ethnicity

Answer 10

refers to a shared pattern of characteristics such as cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language

Question 11

Ethnicity - disproportionality

Answer 11

By 2025 nearly 50% of school-aged children will be children of color

1/3 of African American and Latino students attend schools where 90% of students are from minority groups

*African American and Latino students are much less likely than White or Asian American students to be enrolled in college prep

Question 12

Prejudice

Answer 12

An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual because of his/her membership in a group.

Question 13

Discrimination

Answer 13

An unjustified, negative or harmful action toward a member of a group because the person belongs to that group.

Question 14

Multicultural education

Answer 14

Empowering students
Culturally relevant teaching
Issues-centered education
Improving
Relationships Among Children from Different Ethnic Groups

Question 15

Multicultural classroom

Answer 15

Staff are passionate and have high expectations for ALL students
*Curriculum presents diverse cultural perspectives
*Instructional materials represent diverse backgrounds and experiences
*Hidden curriculum reflects positive aspects of diversity
*Counseling challenges students to dream and achieve

Question 16

Social justice: core value of multicultural

Answer 16

Equity Pedagogy - refers to modifications to the teaching process to incorporate materials and learning strategies appropriate to boys and girls and for various ethic groups.

Prejudice Reduction – refers to activities teachers can implement in the classroom to eliminate negative and stereotypical views of others.

Question 17

Gender

Answer 17

refers to the sociocultural dimensions of being female or male, not biological

Question 18

Gender roles

Answer 18

Social expectations that prescribe how males and females should think, act, and feel.

Question 19

Gender typing

Answer 19

Process by which children acquire what are culturally appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 20

View on gender development

Answer 20

Biological hormones
Cognitive
Social

Question 21

Gender schema theory

Answer 21

Gender-typing emerges as children gradually develop gender schemas about what is gender-appropriate and what is gender-inappropriate in their culture.
●Children are internally motivated to perceive the world and act in accordance with their developed schema.

Question 22

Androgyny

Answer 22

the presence of masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person

Question 23

Sandra Bem

Answer 23

androgynous individuals are more flexible, competent, and mentally healthy than masculine or feminine individuals

Question 24

Sexual harassment

Answer 24

Quid Pro Quo-Equal Exchange
School employee threatens to base an education decision (grades) on a student’s submission to unwelcome sexual conduct.

Hostile Environment
A student is subjected
to unwelcome sexual
conduct that is so severe, persistent, and pervasive that it limits the student’s ability to benefit from his or her education

Question 25

The culture of poverty

Answer 25

The extent to which a student experiences a lack or is without the following resources:

-Financial -Emotional
-Physical -Spiritual
-Mental/Cognitive -Support Systems
-Hidden Rules
-Relationships/Role Models
-Language/Formal Register

Question 26

Generational poverty

Answer 26

Being in poverty for two generations or longer

Question 27

Situational poverty

Answer 27

Middle class values
Exists for a shorter time
Is caused by circumstances like death, illness, divorce

Question 28

Hidden rules

Answer 28

unspoken cues and habits of a group

Question 29

middle class rules

Answer 29

Schools and business operate from middle class norms.
■These middle class norms are not taught in schools
■We must understand our student’s hidden rules and teach them the middle class rules in order to faciltate success

Question 30

Hidden rules - education

Answer 30

Poverty: Valued/revered as abstract
Not a reality

Middle Class: Crucial for success &
making money

Wealthy: Necessary tradition for making and maintaining connections

Question 31

hidden rules - discipline

Answer 31

Poverty: Penance/forgiveness
NOT change

Middle Class: Changing behavior
Self Governing

Question 32

Hidden rules - motivation

Answer 32

Poverty: Survival, entertainment, Relationships

Middle Class: Work, achievement

Wealthy: Financial, political, social connections

Question 33

hidden rules - money

Answer 33

Poverty: To be used/spent

Middle Class: To be managed/saved

Wealthy: To be conserved and invested.

Question 34

Psychological outcomes

Answer 34

Greater risk of behavioral/emotional problems
▪Impulsiveness
▪Relationship problems
▪Aggression
▪ADHD
▪Conduct Disorder
▪Anxiety, depression, low self esteem
▪Low self efficacy