Psychology 1

Question 1

William James

Answer 1

Emphasized the importance of:
Observing teaching and learning in the classroom for improving education
Start lessons just beyond child’s level of knowledge and understanding to stretch child’s mind

Question 2

John Dewey

Answer 2

learner
Viewed the child as an active
adaptation to the environment
Emphasized the child’s
education for all children
Pushed for competent
educational psychology lab

Question 3

E.L. Thorndike

Answer 3

Initiated an emphasis on
measurement of learning

educational psychology
Promoted the idea that
must have a scientific base and that measurement should be a central focus

Question 4

Leta Hollingworth

Answer 4

First to use the term gifted to describe students who scored exceptionally high on IQ tests

Question 5

George sanchez

Answer 5

Researcher who demonstrated that intelligence tests were culturally biased against minority children

Question 6

Mamie and Kenneth clark

Answer 6

Pioneering researchers who studied African American children’s self-conceptions and identity

Question 7

Behavioral approach

Answer 7

B. F. Skinner (1938) – built on Thorndike’s ideas and attempted to determine the best conditions for learning

Science of observable behavior and controlling conditions

Question 8

Cognitive Revolution

Answer 8

1950s Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Skills
– Includes: remembering, comprehending, synthesizing, and evaluating

1980s Cognitive Psychology
– Includes: memory, thinking, reasoning– to help student learn

Question 9

Effective Teaching

Answer 9

Subject Matter Knowledge- Exhibit subject matter competence (a teacher’s comprehension of a subject compared to a specialist)

Teaching Subject Matter Knowledge- Implement appropriate instructional strategies; The most appealing manner in which you organize and present the content

Teaching Knowledge- How the basic principles and strategies of a subject are best acquired and retained

Question 10

Effective teachers teach the process

Answer 10

– emphasize how to learn, rather than what to learn.
– teach students how to read with genuine comprehension, shape an idea, master difficult material, and use writing to clarify thinking.
– include students in the process of teaching and learning (Metzger, 1996).
– Model and communicate good thinking skills

Question 11

Effective teachers promote academic success

Answer 11

Set high goals for themselves and students and plan for instruction
Create developmentally appropriate instructional materials and activities
Manage classrooms for optimal learning
Use effective strategies to promote students’ motivation to learn
Have good assessment knowledge and skills Integrate technology into the curriculum

Question 12

Effective teachers are reflective of their biases and experiences

Answer 12

Work effectively with students from culturally diverse backgrounds
Communicate well with students and parents
Attend to individual variations
Have confidence in their own self-efficacy

Question 13

Effective teachers are committed, motivated, and caring

Answer 13

Have a good attitude
Care about students Invest time and effort
Bring a positive attitude and enthusiasm to the classroom