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Biol 252L > Appendicular Skeleton: The Lower Appendage > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton: The Lower Appendage Flashcards

1
Q

(Pelvic Girdle) Ilium, ischium, pubis

A

Contribute to a centrally located socket for the femur, the acetabulum

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2
Q

Acetabulum

A

Centrally located socket for the femur

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3
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

Connects the 2 hip bones anteriorly
- Fibrocartilaginous Joint
- Relatively immovable

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4
Q

Sacroiliac Joints

A

Hip bones each attach to the sacrum posteriorly by this fibrous joint
- Relatively immovable

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5
Q

Pelvis

A

Made up of the sacrum and 2 hip bones

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6
Q

Iliac Crest

A

A prominent landmark of the ilium and can be easily palpated
- Can be followed anteriorly to the anterior superior iliac spine

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7
Q

Anterior superior iliac spine

A

Anterior bump = attachment for the inguinal ligament

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8
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

Tough band that stretches to the pubis and creates a protected passageway for neurovascular structures passing to and from the pelvis to the lower limb

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9
Q

Superior Ramus (branches) of the Pubis

A

Joins the ilium
- make connections with the other bones of the coxa

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10
Q

Inferior Ramus of the pubis

A

Joins the ischium
- make connections with the other bones of the coxa

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11
Q

Obturator Foramen

A

Large opening surrounded by the rami and it’s a conspicuous hole, where only small nerve and blood vessels pass through it
(covered by connective tissue)

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12
Q

Ischial Tuberosity

A

Rough patch on the most inferior region of the pelvis (attachment site for hamstring muscles on posterior thigh)

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13
Q

Ischial Spine

A

Projects posteriorly from the acetabulum and creates the greater sciatic notch

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14
Q

Greater Sciatic Notch

A

Large notch created by ischial spine
- passageway for the body’s largest nerve: sciatic nerve

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15
Q

Pelvic Inlet

A

Aperture formed by the superior ramus of the pubis, ilium, and sacrum
- Larger and rounder in females and allows fetus’s passage
- Larger sub-pubic angle in females

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16
Q

Pelvic outlet

A

Opening at the bottom of the pelvis
- Larger in females

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17
Q

Head of the Femur

A

Articulates with the acetabulum
- Ball and socket joint

18
Q

Femur’s Neck

A

Angles downward and somewhat laterally

19
Q

Greater Trochanter

A
  • Attachment of hip rotators
  • Eminence present below the neck for the attachment of leg muscles
20
Q

Lesser Trochanter

A
  • Attachment of hip flexors
  • Eminence present below the neck for the attachment of leg muscles
21
Q

Movement of Femur

A
  • Internal Rotation: of the hip joint rotates femur inwardly
  • External Rotation: rotates femur outwardly
  • Extension: moves femur posteriorly
  • Flexion: moves femur anteriorly
  • Adduction: moves femur towards body
  • Abduction: moves femur away from body
22
Q

Knee Joint

A

Articular Surface for the Patella: Patellar Surface
Articulates with the distal articular surface of the femur

23
Q

Tibia

A

Proximal end of tibia articulates with the femur at the knee

24
Q

Medial and Lateral Condyles

A

(proximal tibia)
Articulate with femoral condyles of the same name

25
Q

Medial and Lateral Menisci

A

C-shaped cartilages that wedge between femoral and tibial condyles
- Additional cartilage that lend support to the knee joint

26
Q

Knee

A

Hinge joint

27
Q

Tibial Tuberosity

A

Attachment for the patellar tendon from the thigh’s quadriceps muscles

28
Q

Head of the fibula

A

Does not contact the femur, only the tibia

29
Q

Tibiofibular Joints

A

The fibula articulates with the tibia proximally and distally

30
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Further stabilizes the tibia and fibula

31
Q

Lower Leg Segment

A

Crural Region

32
Q

Talocrual Joint

A

The joint between the lower leg and the talus bone of the foot
- Ankle joint
- Saddle joint

33
Q

Movement of the Ankle Joint

A
  • Dorsiflexion: movement of the foot’s dorsum (upper surface) in a superior direction
  • Plantar Flexion: moves plantar surface inferiorly (standing on toes)
  • Inversion: turns the foot medially
  • Eversion: turns the foot laterally
34
Q

Foot Digits

A

4 of them contain proximal, intermediate, and distal phalanges
(big toe -hallux- lacks the intermediate phalanx)

35
Q

Joints of the Phalanges

A

Metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalnageal

36
Q

Movements of the Foot

A

Inversion: of the talocrural joint rotates the foot inwardly
Eversion: the talocrural joint rotates the foot
Adduction: of the metatarsophalangeal joints moves the digit towards from digit II
Abduction: of the metatarsophalangeal joints moves the digit away digit II

37
Q

Talus

A

Forms a broad articular surface that glides against the tibia and is supported by the medial and lateral malleoli

38
Q

Calcaneus

A

Forming the heel of the foot

39
Q

Calcaneal (achilles) Tendon

A

Calcaneus is the attachment of the tendon

40
Q

5 Tarsals Forming the Arch of the Foot

A

Navicular, cuboid, cuneiform (medial, intermediate, and lateral) bones

41
Q

Plantar Fascia

A

Holds these bones in an arch
-strong ligament
- Only minimal movement among the planar intertarsal joints

42
Q

Femur Condyles

A

Medial and lateral condyles

Biol 252L (18 decks)

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