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Biol 252L > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Oral Cavity

A

Extends from the lips to the soft palate’s posterior limit, from the tongue to the hard palate, and from cheek to cheek
- lined by mucous membrane: produces saliva

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2
Q

Salivary Glands

A
  • Produces most of salivas volume
  • Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands
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3
Q

Oropharynx

A

When swallowing, food/drink is pushed here by the elevation of the tongue

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4
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Waves of smooth muscle contract (peristalsis), propelling food along the alimentary canal

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5
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Where the bolus of food/liquid is propelled towards from the oropharynx and from here to the esophagus

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6
Q

Epiglottis

A

Cartilage that folds over and blocks the entrance to the trachea to divert food/liquid to the esophagus when you swallow

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7
Q

Incisive Bone

A

Holds the 4 upper incisors (teeth)

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8
Q

Maxillary Teeth

A

All upper teeth

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9
Q

Mandibular Teeth

A

All lower teeth

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10
Q

Quadrants of the Teeth (4)

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars

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11
Q

Deciduous Teeth

A

The first set of teeth in childhood without 3 sets of molars

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12
Q

Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity (4)

A

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

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13
Q

Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity (9)

A

Right/left hypochondriac, epigastric, right/left lumbar, right/left iliac, hypogastric, umbilical

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14
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Membrane-bound space in the abdominopelvic cavity w/ 3 parts

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15
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Covers many digestive organs as they pass through the abdomen

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16
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Forms the outer wall of the peritoneal cavity and joins the body wall

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17
Q

Mesentery Peritoneum

A

Forms connection between parietal and visceral layers. Passage for vessels and nerves that communicate with the viscera

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18
Q

Stomach

A

In the peritoneal cavity and lies in the upper left quadrant primarily

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19
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Large, fatty expansion of the mesentery that hangs from the stomach and covers the large and small intestines

20
Q

Cardia

A

Where the esophagus opens to the stomach

21
Q

Cardiac Sphincter

A

At the esophagus and stomach junction

22
Q

Fundus

A

Rounded roof of the stomach and superior to the cardia

23
Q

Body of the Stomach

A

Middle region of the stomach that tapers towards the small intestine as the pylorus

24
Q

Pyloric Sphincter (Lower esophageal)

A

Strong muscle that gates the entrance to the duodenum. Controls output of chyme into duodenum.

25
Q

Duodenum

A

Small intestine’s first segment. Receives chyme from the stomach.
- Neutralizes acidic chyme

26
Q

Chyme

A

Formed by sphincters on either end of the stomach holding food and drink within its lumen while contractions mix the contents with gastric secretions

27
Q

Rugae

A

Gastric walls folded into ridges inside the stomach that allow for expansion of the stomach

28
Q

Hepatic Duct

A
  • Duct found between the liver and common bile ducts
    Carries bile away from all lobes of the liver
29
Q

Cystic Duct

A
  • B/w gallbladder and common bile duct
    Carries bile away from the gallbladder and where the gallbladder fills and expands
30
Q

Common Bile Duct

A

Carries bile from both liver and gallbladder to duodenum

31
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile made from the liver and contracts to move bile to the duodenum to facilitate lipid digestion

32
Q

Liver

A

Hepatic bile ducts run throughout the liver which produces bile and exits liver through the common bile duct
- Absorption, elimination, nutrient release

33
Q

Pylorus

A

Narrow end of the stomach that leads into the pyloric sphincter

34
Q

Liver Lobes

A

Right (biggest back), left (smallest back), caudate (3 sided tail like), quadrate lobes (4-sided region next to the gallbladder)

35
Q

Portal Triad

A

Hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct
- The vessels entering/exiting the liver at the union of the liver lobes

36
Q

Pancreas

A

Small clusters of pancreatic islets that produce insulin and glucagon to stabilize blood glucose levels
- digestive enzymes

37
Q

Spleen

A

Not part of the digestive system but part of the immune system. Surveillance the blood for the immune system.
- Superior to Stomach
- Left Hypochondriac region

38
Q

Small Intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
- Duodenum = shortest

39
Q

Jejunum

A

What the duodenum turns into and occupies the ULQ of the abdomen
- Absorbs nutrients

40
Q

Ileum

A

LRQ of the abdomen. Last segment of small intestine and joins the cecum of the large intestine at the ileocecal junction.

41
Q

Large Intestine

A

Cecum, ileocecal junction, appendix, colons, rectum, anus

42
Q

Cecum

A

Where the ileum empties its contents at the ileocecal junction
- Small sac that attaches to appendix

43
Q

Ascending, transverse, descending colon

A

WHere the material from the cecum is passed up, over, and down and then into the sigmoid colon

44
Q

Sigmoid Colon

A

S-shaped and turns into the pelvic cavity and becomes the rectum

45
Q

Rectum

A

Straight portion of the large intestine

46
Q

Anus

A

Where the rectum terminates as a ring of muscle
- Internal and external sphincter muscles
- Opening of the large intestine

47
Q

Appendix

A

Small extension is blind-ended, being open to the cecum but closed on its other end

Biol 252L (18 decks)

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