Respiratory System

Question 1

External Nares

Answer 1

• Where air enters the naval cavity during inspiration

Question 2

Vestibules

Answer 2

• Where air enters the naval cavity during inspiration
• Spaces surrounded by nasal cartilages and inside nares

Question 3

Hard Palate

Answer 3

Floor of the nasal cavities

Question 4

Mucosa

Answer 4

Heats and hiumidifies air

Question 5

Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

Answer 5

Three small bony projections that maximize the surface area of mucosa exposed to the air on the lateral walls

Question 6

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses

Answer 6

Filled with air and mucosa’s cilia propel mucus into nasal cavity via small pores
- reduce weight of skull and impact resonant qualities of voice

Question 7

Sinusitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of sinuses and trapped accumulation of mucus = pain

Question 8

Choanae

Answer 8

Posterior location where the nasal cavities end and where the nasal septum and hard palate terminate
- Nasopharynx

Question 9

Nasopharynx

Answer 9

Begins at the choanae and soft palate and transmits air to the oropharynx

Question 10

Laryngopharynx

Answer 10

Where air travels to from oropharynx

Question 11

Auditory (Eustachian) Tube

Answer 11

Opening in nasopharynx
- Passageway allowing for a connection to the middle ear cavity

Question 12

Median Pharyngeal Tonsil (Adenoid)

Answer 12

In the nasopharynx

Question 13

Larynx

Answer 13

Voice production and more generally is the passage of air to travel in and out of the lungs
- Opening in laryngopharynx
- B/w trachea and pharynx

Question 13

Oropharynx

Answer 13

Has 2 palatine tonsils seen in the mirror on either side of the uvula
- has opening to oral cavity and palatine tonsils

Question 14

Hyoid bone

Answer 14

Conenct to and suspends larynx

Question 15

Epiglottis

Answer 15

Valve/cartilage to cover the larynx’s superior opening to prevent food and water entering the lower respiratory passages

Question 16

Forms larynx skeleton

Answer 16

• Thyroid Cartilage: Adam’s Apple
• Cricoid Cartilage

Question 17

Cricoid Cartilage

Answer 17

Supports the inferior portion of the larynx

Question 18

Vocal Folds

Answer 18

Vocal ligaments covered in laryngeal mucosa

Question 19

Arytenoid Cartilages

Answer 19

Triangle shaped and position the vocal folds
- tense and move the vocal folds

Question 20

Glottis

Answer 20

• Allow production of sound by opening and closing
• Hole formed between the two vocal folds

Question 21

Right Lung

Answer 21

Superior, Middle and inferior lobes

Question 22

Left lung

Answer 22

Superior and inferior lobes

Question 23

Visceral Pleura

Answer 23

Outermost covering of the lungs

Question 24

Thin Pleural cavity

Answer 24

Surrounds the lungs and is filled with fluid that allows the lungs to expand and recoil in a friction-free environment

Question 25

Parietal Pleura

Answer 25

Against the inner wall of the thorax and forms the outer boundary to the pleural cavity

Question 26

Bronchial Tree

Answer 26

Trachea and main (primary), lobar (secondary) and segmental (tertiary) bronchi

Question 27

Right and Left Main Bronchi

Answer 27

Enter the lungs

Question 28

Lobar Bronchi

Answer 28

2 in left lung and 3 in right lung and each enter the lobe of the lungs

Question 29

Bronchioles then Terminal Bronchioles

Answer 29

Beyond the tertiary bronchi are these branching airways

Question 30

Respiratory Bronchioles and Alveoli

Answer 30

Sites of gas exchange and very small

Question 31

Phrenic Nerves

Answer 31

Formed of the ventral rami by C3-C5 spinal nerves. provides motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragm

Question 32

Diaphragm

Answer 32

Movements of the diaphragm increase the volume of the thorax in the superior-inferior dimension

Question 33

Accessory Respiratory Muscles

Answer 33

Variety of muscles that move the ribs and may participate in forced inspiration/expiration. Some of these have primary roles and may be recruited to assist in breathing.