Pharmacology 2

Question 1

what does the NMC say about pharmacology?

Answer 1

• We need to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of pharmacology
  
  • Ability to recognise adverse effects of medicines including allergies, incapability etc.
    Demonstrate safe knowledge and understanding of principles of safe and effect administration.

Question 2

what are the 5 R’s?

Answer 2

• Right drug
  
  • Right dose
  • Right time
  • Right route
    Right person

Question 3

what can you check?

Answer 3

• Name bands, CHI
  
  • Drug kardex
  • 2 people checking
    Check the last 24 hours - so there is no overdose

Question 4

what can student administer?

Answer 4

Student midwives can administer drugs included within the midwives exemptions (with the exception of control drugs) when under direct supervision.

In order to gain the relevant experience student should observe the checking process but cannot formally check any medicines as they are not accountable.

Student may administer prescribed drugs (including controlled drugs) parenterally if prescribed by a doctor or a doctor or an appropriate practioner according to their directions for administration. This must be under direct supervision of a midwife.

Question 5

what is general sale list (gsl)?

Answer 5

over counter no need for prescription

Question 6

what is pharmacy (P)?

Answer 6

requires prescription of health professional to prescribed

Question 7

what is controlled drugs?

Answer 7

drugs that require special storage and monitoring

Question 8

what is patient specific directions (PSD)?

Answer 8

written instruction from a health care professional for an individual person. can apply GSL, P or POM

Question 9

what is patient group direction (PGD)?

Answer 9

intended to permit the supply and/or administration of POMs by authorised health professionals in circumstances that would otherwise require a prescription. they are useful for clearly defined conditions where there is a proven advantage for care, without compromising safety.

Question 10

what is exemptions?

Answer 10

POM that can be administered by specific health professionals only in the course of their professional practice

Question 11

what are the four principles of patient centred approach with medicines?

Answer 11

A person centred approach to safe and effective use of medicines promoting the best possible outcome from the medicines.

1. aim to understand the patient experience
2. evidence based choice of medicines
3. ensure medicines use is as safe as possible
4. make medicines optimisation part of routine practice

Question 12

what is the importance of medicines of pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Answer 12

Vital in pregnancy and breastfeeding ->
Medication can cross the placenta or transfer in breastmilk causing a vast variety of adverse effect ->
Positive and negative impact should be considered with all medications and women should be aware of this also. ->
Understand and recognise the evidence - >
Listen to women, their choice, their understanding and experience

Question 13

what is lack of medication knowledge problems?

Answer 13

• Inadequate medication optimisation
  
  • Errors with prescribing
  • And administration
  • Reduced effectiveness of medication if incorrectly administered
  • Negative impact on health benefits with increased risk of harm
    Cost to health board od wastage.

Question 14

what is Lack of medication health promotion and education problems?

Answer 14

• Negative impact of prescribed medication on health benefit or return to wellbeing
  
  • Incorrect self-administration due to lack of education/understanding
  • Intentional or non-intentional non-adherence
  • Increased risk of harm due to not recognising medication effects and side effects
  • Cost of further ill health to health board

Question 15

what is lack of team working problems?

Answer 15

• Delayed or incorrect medication prescribing or administration
  
  • Increase adverse effect through prescribing and administration inefficiency
  • Potential to increase antimicrobial resistance with ineffective MDT working and overview
  • Negative impact on well being
    Clinical portal highlights all the medications that patient is on.

Question 16

how do you get pharmacology right?

Answer 16

• Be certain of the identity of the patient
  
  • Check that the patient is not allergic
  • Know the therapeutic uses of the medicine to be administer, its normal dosage, side effects, precautions and contra-indications.
  • Be aware of the patient plan of care (care plan or pathway)
  • Check that the prescription or the label on medicine dispensed is clearly written and unambiguous
  • Check expiry date
  • Have considered the dosage, weight where appropriate, method of administration, route and timing
  • Administer or withhold in the context of the patient condition
  • Contact the prescriber without delay where contraindications to the prescribed medicine are discovered, where the patient develops a reaction, or where assessment of the patient indicates that the medicine is no longer suitable.
  • Make a clear, accurate and immediate record of all medicine administered, intentionally withheld or refused by the patient, ensuring the signature is clear and legible.
    It is also your reasonability to ensure that the record is made when delegating the task of administering medicine.

Question 17

what needs to be acknowledge prior to prescribing?

Answer 17

As part of medicines optimisation contraindication, drug interactions, current and past history and allergies, side effects, pregnancy status, BF should all be acknowledged prior to prescribing.