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NU2101 > Pharmacology 4 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what does B.D mean?

A

Twice a day

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2
Q

what does T.D.S mean?

A

three times a day

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3
Q

what does Q.D.S mean?

A

four times a day

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4
Q

what does nocte mean?

A

at night

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5
Q

what does mane mean?

A

in the morning

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6
Q

what does STAT mean?

A

immediately

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7
Q

what does P.R.N mean?

A

as required

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8
Q

what does IM mean?

A

intramuscular

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9
Q

what does IV mean?

A

intravenous

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10
Q

hat does IVI mean?

A

intravenous infusion

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11
Q

what does P.O mean?

A

oral

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12
Q

what does P.R mean?

A

rectal

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13
Q

what does P.V mean?

A

Vaginal

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14
Q

what does S.C mean?

A

subcutaneous

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15
Q

what does mcg mean?

A

micrograms

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16
Q

what does mg mean?

A

milligrams

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17
Q

what goes g mean?

A

grams

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18
Q

what does kg mean?

A

kilograms

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19
Q

what does ml mean?

A

millilitres

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20
Q

what does l mean?

A

litres

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21
Q

what does CD mean?

A

Controlled drug

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22
Q

what does OCP mean?

A

Oral contraceptive pill

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23
Q

what does PCA mean?

A

patient controlled analgesia

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24
Q

what does POM mean?

A

prescription only medicine

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25
Q

what does PGD mean?

A

patient group directive

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26
Q

what does GSL mean?

A

general sales list

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27
Q

what does SSRI mean?

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (antidepressants)

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28
Q

what drug family does Anti-D belong to?

A

immunoglobulins

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29
Q

what is anti-D proprietary name?

A

D-GAM Anti-D Rh immunoglobulins Rhophylac

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30
Q

what is the usual route and does of Anti-D?

A

IM or SC, 1,500 IU routine and sensitising 500IU

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31
Q

what drug group is Anti-D?

A

POM and ME

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32
Q

what are the contraindications of Anti-D?

A

Caution in those who have had an adverse reaction to blood transfusion or to administration of blood derivatives
Hypersensitivity - IM route is contraindicated in persons with severe thrombocytopenia or other disorders of haemostasis

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33
Q

what are the interactions with Anti-D?

A

live vaccines
– if anti-D is given within 2–4 weeks of live vaccine then its action may be impaired

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34
Q

what are the indications for Anti-D?

A

Indications
* pregnancy/delivery of a RhD-positive baby
* abortion/threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy or hydatidiform mole
* after antepartum haemorrhage (APH), amniocentesis, chorionic biopsy or obstetrical manipulative procedure, e.g. external cephalic version, or abdominal trauma that may cause transplacental haemorrhage (TPH)
* treatment of RhD-negative patients after transfusion of RhD-positive blood or other products containing RhD-positive red blood cells (e.g. platelets)

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35
Q

what drug family does diamorphine belong to?

A

analgesic

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36
Q

what is diamorphine proprietary name?

A

Diamorphine Hydrochloride

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37
Q

what type of drug is diamorphine?

A

POM,CD and ME

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38
Q

what are the contraindications for diamorphone?

A
  • Acute respiratory depression
  • Asthma
  • Acute alcoholism (hypotension)
  • Severe renal impairment
  • Acute diarrheal conditions
  • Patient taking other opiates (prescribed or elicit use)
  • Known phaeochromocytoma
  • Known raised intracranial pressure
  • Taking a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI), cimetidine or selegiline.
  • Allergy to morphine, codeine or diamorphine
  • Should not be given close to birth as can make baby’s sleepy on arrival or can having breathing issues
  • Can make mum’s feel sick therefore an antiemetic is usually given at the same time.
  • VE is usually performed before administration.

Crosses placenta within 1 hour administration causes withdrawal symptoms, meconium aspiration, respiratory depression, IUD

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39
Q

what are the side effects of diamorphine?

A

Side Effects
- nausea and vomiting
- tachycardia
- hypothermia
- urinary retention
- constipation
- dizziness

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40
Q

what are the interactions with diamorphine?

A

Non-specific to diamorphine but characteristic of opioids.
Alcohol
– enhances the sedative effect, increases hypotension.
Analgesics
– enhanced effects.
Antidepressants
– avoid concurrent administration of MAOI or administration within 2 weeks of their discontinuation increases the sedative effect of tricyclics.
Anxiolytics and hypnotics
– enhances the sedative effect.
Cimetidine
– inhibits metabolism, thereby increasing the plasma concentration of the opioid.
Metoclopramide
– antagonism of the effect on gastrointestinal activity

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41
Q

why is diamorphine used?

A

Reasons for Use
Pain relief in labour or latent phase of labour
The patient’s Booking Weight is at least 50kg

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42
Q

what is the dose of diamorphine given?

A

IM 5-10mg or slow IV 0.25-.05

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43
Q

what is the frequency of the dose of diamorphine?

A

Frequency of administration (depends on woman’s size)
- As clinically indicated up to a maximum of 15mg in divided dose before medical review.
- The minimum interval after giving 5mg diamorphine before giving another dose of diamorphine, or morphine sulphate 10mg/5ml oral solution (Oramorph®) is 2 hours.
- The minimum interval after giving 10mg diamorphine before giving another dose of diamorphine, or morphine sulphate 10mg/5ml oral solution (Oramorph®) is 4 hours.
- Do not administer diamorphine within 2 hours after a dose of morphine sulphate 10mg/5ml oral solution (Oramorph®).

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44
Q

what is paracetamol uses dose and route?

A

P.O or P.R Adult: Oral: 500mg - 1g 4-6 hourly (Max 4g daily) Rectal: 0.5-1g q.d.s

45
Q

what drug family does paracetamol belong to?

A

Analgesic, Non-opioid

46
Q

what type of drug is paracetamol?

A

POM, GSL

GSL - sold in packs of no more than 16.
POM - Pharmacist may give up to 32 tablets.

47
Q

what are the indications for paracetamol?

A

Indications
Mild to moderate pain, including headache, rheumatic pain, pyrexia, dysmenorrhea, toothache, sore throat and colds

48
Q

what are the side effects to paracetamol?

A

Side effects
- Overdose
- pancreatitis with prolonged use

49
Q

what are the contraindications to paracetamol?

A

Hypersensitivity, hepatic and renal disease, alcohol dependence.
Can give to paracetamol at two time if over 50kg

50
Q

what are the interactions of paracetamol?

A

Interactions
- anticoagulants - with prolonged use seems to enhance the effects of warfarin.
- cholestyramine - reduces the absorption of paracetamol
- Metoclopramide - enhances the effect of paracetamol

51
Q

what is the usual route and dose for folic acid?

A

P.O 400mcg,

52
Q

what type of drug is folic acid?

A

POM and GSL

53
Q

what are the contraindications of folic acid?

A

Contraindications
Untreated pernicious anaemia or other cause of cobalamin deficiency, including lifelong vegetarians

54
Q

what are the interactions of folic acid?

A

Antiepileptics
– absorption of phenytoin or phenobarbital is reduced (plasma concentrations), increasing the risk of seizures; therefore, advice should be taken on supplementation
Antibacterials
– chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole may interfere with folate metabolism

55
Q

why is folic acid taken?

A

Pre-conception or first 12 weeks of gestation: 400 mcg daily (BNF 2019) 1 daily.
In folate-deficiency anaemia: 5 mg/day for 4 months or continued to term
Taken to help form neural tube and prevent things like spina bifda.

Higher doses may be required in patients with BMI > 30

No side effects or fetal risks

56
Q

what is ibuprofen usual route and dose?

A

P.O, 200mg 1-2 doses after food up to T.D.S 1.2g daily in 2-4 doses

57
Q

what drug group is ibuprofen?

A

Analgesic, non-opioid, NSAID

58
Q

what type of drug is ibuprofen?

A

POM or GSL

59
Q

what are the indications for ibuprofen?

A

mild pain and particularly perineal

60
Q

contraindications of ibuprofen?

A
  • hypersensitivity,
    active peptic ulcer,
    history of bleeding
    secondary to
    NSAIDs, severe
    hepatic, renal or
    heart failure, third
    trimester of
    pregnancy
61
Q

interactions of ibuprofen?

A
  • As for diclofenac and salicylic acid
    Avoid with aspirin, other NSAIDs or COX inhibitors (e.g. celecoxib), lithium. Caution with steroids, anti-hypertensives, digoxin, methotrexate, ciclosporin, warfarin
62
Q

what is the propiertary name of lactulose?

A

Duphalac or lactulose solution

63
Q

usual route and dose of lactulose?

A

P.O 15ml B.D

64
Q

contraindications of lactulose?

A

Contraindications
- Galactosaemia, intestinal obstruction

65
Q

side effects of lactulose?

A

Flatulence, abdominal cramps and discomfort

66
Q

indications for microlax-enema?

A

Indications
- Constipation

Works within 5-15 minutes of insertion.

67
Q

usual route and dose of microlax-enema?

A

P.R: One suppository (5ml)

68
Q

type of drug is microlax enema?

A

GSL and P

69
Q

contraindications of mircolax enema?

A

Contraindications
- anal fissure
- hemorrhoids
- inflammatory bowel disease

70
Q

interactions or microlax enema?

A

Interactions
Sucralfate
Sodium citrate is predicted to increase the risk of adverse effects when given with Sucralfate. Manufacturer advises avoid.

Methenamine
Sodium citrate is predicted to decrease the efficacy of Methenamine. Manufacturer advises avoid.

71
Q

type of drug is lactulose?

A

P

72
Q

what drug family does paracetamol belong to?

A

Analgesic, Non-opioid

73
Q

what is paracetamol usual route?

A

P.O or P.R Adult: Oral: 500mg - 1g 4-6 hourly (Max 4g daily) Rectal: 0.5-1g q.d.s

74
Q

type of drug is paracetamol?

A

POM and GSL

75
Q

contraindications of paracetamol?

A

Contradictions
Hypersensitivity, hepatic and renal disease, alcohol dependence.
Can give to paracetamol at two time if over 50kg

76
Q

interactions of paracetamol?

A

Interactions
- anticoagulants - with prolonged use seems to enhance the effects of warfarin.
- cholestyramine - reduces the absorption of paracetamol
- Metoclopramide - enhances the effect of paracetamol

77
Q

what is usual dose for peppermint water?

A

P.O: 10-20ml Q.D.S

78
Q

what is usual dose for peppermint water?

A

P.O: 10-20ml Q.D.S

79
Q

what drug family does peppermint water belong to?

A

Anti-flatulent

80
Q

what drug group is peppermint water in?

A

GSL

81
Q

contraindications to peppermint water?

A

known hypersensitivity to any component of the medicine
- hypersensitivity to menthol
- cholangitis, gallstones and any other biliary disorders

  • may worsen symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (heartburn) if
    so it should be discontinued
  • inflamed and ulcerated conditions of the gastrointestinal tract
82
Q

what are the indications for peppermint water?

A

Indication
Abdominal colic and flatulence.

Peppermint water contains 2.5 microlitres of peppermint oil per 5ml

83
Q

side effects of peppermint water?

A
  • irritation to the gastric mucosa and exacerbation of heartburn
  • inta-oral symptoms caused by contact sensitivity such as burning
    mouth syndrome, recurrent oral ulceration or a lichenoid reaction
    have been reported - the frequency is not known
  • allergic reactions to menthol have been reported, with headache,
    bradycardia, muscle tremor, ataxia, anaphylactic shock and
    erythematous skin rash
  • on labour Nil
  • on the neonate Nil
  • on breast feeding Nil
84
Q

what is the usual dose and route for peptac?

A

P.O 5-10ml Q.D.S

85
Q

what drug family does peptac belong to?

A

Antiacid

86
Q

what type of drug is pepac?

A

GSL

87
Q

indications for peptac?

A

Gastro-oesophageal reflux - heartburn

88
Q

contraindications for peptac?

A

Contraindications
- diabetics
- leave 1-2 hours between taking Peptac Liquid and other medicines.

89
Q

what is prochloperazine?

A

antiemetic - stemetil

90
Q

what is the usual route and dose of prochlorperazine?

A

IM:12.5mg once only. (6-8 hourly) P.O: 20mg initially. P.R

91
Q

type of drug is prochlorperazine?

A

POM and ME

92
Q

what is the fetal risk of stemetil?

A

In the first trimester there are reports of congenital defects associated with repeated use even at low doses, but single or occasional low doses appear safe; extrapyramidal symptoms in the neonate, lethargy and tremor, low Apgar Score, paradoxical hyperexcitability

93
Q

side effects or prochlorperazine?

A

Side effects
Can cause prolonged labour and should be withheld until 3–4 cm dilation,
drowsiness, pallor, hypothermia, extrapyramidal effects, postural hypotension with tachycardia, liver dysfunction

94
Q

contraindications of prochlorperazine?

A

Pregnancy, myasthenia gravis, cardiovascular and respiratory disease, epilepsy, phaeochromocytoma, liver or renal dysfunction, hypothyroidism

95
Q

interactions of prochlorperazine?

A

Alcohol
– increases the sedative effect, particularly respiratory depression
Antacids
– interfere with the absorption of oral Stemetil
Anaesthetics
– increases their hypertensive effect

96
Q

what is phytomenadoine?

A

vit k

97
Q

what is the usual route of phytomenadoine?

A

IM or P.O: depends on baby’s weight

98
Q

contraindications of phytomenadoine?

A

declined

99
Q

type of drug is phytomenadione?

A

POM and ME

100
Q

what drug family does phytomenadione belong to?

A

Anticoagulant

101
Q

indications of phytomenadione?

A

Prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin K deficiency bleeding

102
Q

interactions of pytomenadione?

A

Reverses the effects of warfarin

103
Q

weight of vit-k and gestation?

A

Gestation
>34 weeks 1mg
<34 weeks refer to weight

104
Q

dose of vit-k with weight of 1kg or less?

A

Weight 1kg or less - Dose Vit K - 0.4mg - IM Volume 0.04ml

105
Q

dose of vit-k with weight 1-1.5kg?

A

Weight 1-1.5kg - Dose Vit K - 0.6mg - IM Volume 0.06ml

106
Q

dose of vit-k weight 1.5-2kg?

A

Weight 1.5 - 2kg - Dose Vit K - 0.8mg - IM Volume - 0.08ml

107
Q

dose of vit-k weight over 2kg?

A

Weight over 2kg - Dose Vit K - 1.0mg - IM volume 0.1ml

108
Q

what is the oral dose of vit-k?

A

2mg which is repeated

NU2101 (33 decks)

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