Chloe Flashcards

1
Q

what are the NIPE risk factors in chloe’s case?

A
  • alcohol
  • deaf and blind history
  • no screening
    -PROM
    -Rhesus negative mum
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2
Q

what is the dose of iron daily?

A

Iron Tablets – 210mg 1-2 times a day, Liquid iron is available, however, iron can also be managed by diet eating things like red meat. 4ml 1-2 times a day.

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3
Q

what is given for haemorrhoids?

A

anusol

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4
Q

what drug is given for mastitis?

A

Flucloxacillin 500 milligrams (mg) four times a day as first line treatment

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5
Q

what drug is given for mastitis if allergic to penicillin?

A

erythromycin 250- 500milligrammes four times a day or cefalexin 250-500 milligrams four times a day if the mother is penicillin allergic

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6
Q

what iron supplement can be given in an infusion instead?

A

ferinject give 200-500mg in 100ml over 6 minutes

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7
Q

what holistic aspects of Chloe’s case can impact her health?

A
  • 1 year break from job
  • mastitis
  • birth
  • anaemia
  • haemorrhoids
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8
Q

how many Mastitis impact Chloe’s holistic health?

A

Chloe is feeling ill with Mastitis, which will be affecting her physical wellbeing and may impact her breastfeeding. This can have an impact on her emotional health, and she may be feeling overwhelmed that BF isn’t going successfully, or she feels ill and struggling to look after baby. This can then have an impact on her mental health, and she may start to worry about if baby is feeding okay, worry about BF, worry about her health. She then may not feel up to socialising etc. referral to breastbuddies, infant feeding and if necessary contact SHO for medication.

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9
Q

how might Chloe’s birth impact her holistic health?

A

Chloe sounds as if she is experiencing PTSD from the birth. Referral for birth debrief. This may be impacting her mental health as she may begin to develop PND and find bonding with baby difficult and feel overall down. This may also increase her anxiety as she has been baby in a scary state and therefore, the might panic that this can happen again. Additionally, this can make Chloe quite emotional or potential withdrawn and not showing emotion towards her baby and family which related back to her mental health. This then can have an impact on her social and physical health as she is may not wish to socialise and may isolate herself. And physically, she may not be keeping well, as in taking her medication such as if she was to be given mastitis medication, or she may not be keeping up with her iron tablets. Refer to obstetric for birth plan and perinatal mental health or a mental health specialist midwife as well as liaising with health visitor.

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10
Q

how many anaemia be affect Chloe’s holistic health?

A

Chloe is taking iron tablets suggesting she is anaemic. Physuically, this can make her feel very tired, with a newborn already this would be a struggle. This can affect her emotional health as the lack of sleep on top of the fatigue from the anaemia, can affect her emotional wellbeing as she may feel like she’s struggling to cope, struggling to function and adapt to new-born life. If this prolongs or goes unmanaged then this can affect mental wellbeing as she may develop baby blues which can go unmanaged and develop into postnatal depression which can affect her bonding ad social relationships such as partner, partners etc. Midwives should ensure that iron levels are maintained, therefore can advise Chloe to try liquid irons or try different foods that are rich in iron if Chloe is struggling to take the tablets. Can also suggest taking iron tablets with vitamin C such as orange juice to help the absorption. Obstetricians may get involved if Chloe doesn’t wan to take the tablets, therefore discussing with hem how else we may ensure iron levels are maintained. If chloe is happy with eating iron rich foods then a dietician may be a good shout to ensure this is working and effective.

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11
Q

how can haemorrhoids impact Chloe’s holistic health?

A

physical this can be painful which can also be painful in certain feeding positions which then may impact BF. This may impact her emotional health if feeding isn’t working or if she is in a lot of pain she may feel like quite upset if that was a result from birth. That be quite overwhelming because the body adapts massively, and this may be playing on Chloe’s mind. Additionally, her mental health can decline because of if breastfeeding isn’t working with may be quite anxious baby isn’t feeding especially after the birth, which can be overwhelming and if this is prolonged mental health be impacted. Socially – this may impact her level os socialising may be limited if she is in pain. Referrals necessary may include infant feeding if this is impacting feeding. GP’s may need required if the haemorrhoids aren’t clearing up with the medication she is currently using.

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12
Q

how can break from job and moving home impact Chloe’s holistic health?

A

may feel social isolated and may struggle with the different dynamic of not working anymore. This may make he feel lonely and may make her struggle within her relationships. This may impact her mental health as she experiences the baby blues due to the lack of socialising and isolation. If Chloe develops mental issues because of this then physically she can then neglect herself such as not keeping up with hygiene, not taken medication etc. we can help be referring her onto/ signposting breastbuddies who can help her with breastfeeding up also can be social support from women who may be going through the same thing or have experienced this in the past. Additionally, home start is a third sector organisation who can provide emotional and social support. Liaising with her health visitor is also important as they may eb able to inform Chloe on other organisations which I may not be aware of.

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13
Q

how do we make a plan for a woman with mastitis?

A
  • beginning
  • mastitis cases
  • feeding with mastitis
  • solving mastitis
  • P+A
  • Hand expression
  • Effective feeding
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14
Q

how do we BEGIN with mastitis?

A
  • Take a history
  • Feeding Assessment – BFI Tool
  • Support with position and attachment when required
  • Support with breast care (analgesia and heat before a feed to support with breast drainage)
  • Women centred approach demonstrated throughout (1)
  • Observing and listening during conversations (1)
  • Discusses hands off approach (1)
  • Clear relevant information shared (1)
  • Mentions use of leaflets, analogies, props (1)
  • Identify signs of instinctive behaviour in baby:
  • Rooting (1)
  • Head bobbing (1)
  • Mouthing the nipple (1)
  • Hands in the mouth
  • …and helps mother to recognise them (1)
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15
Q

what are MASTITIS CAUSES?

A
  • ineffective drainage of milk
  • Engorgement
  • Blocked ducts
  • Sudden discontinuation of feeding
  • Long breaks in between feeds (night)
  • Nipple trauma
  • Tight fitting clothing (bra)
  • Tight pressure from finger pressing into the breast during feeds
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16
Q

How do we support FEEDING WITH MASTITIS?

A
  • Keep breastfeeding – milk may drop from the affected breast for a few days, but it is important to continue feeding from the side to prevent the infection turning into an abscess
  • Feed baby more frequently
  • Feed from sore side first if possible
  • Ensure effective attachment to the breast (Feeding Assessment)
  • Alternate feeding positions (dangle feeding)
  • Hand expressing before attaching baby
  • Warm the breasts before feeds
  • Cold compress between feeds (be careful as frequent use can reduce milk supply)
  • GENTLE stoking of the breast whilst feeding from above the lump towards the nipple
  • Check clothing
  • Analgesia
  • May require antibiotics
  • US if recurring mastitis
17
Q

how do we SOLVE MASTITIS?

A

Flucloxacillin 500 milligrams (mg) four times a day as first line treatment with erythromycin 250- 500milligrammes four times a day or cefalexin 250-500 milligrams four times a day.

Mastitis…when to treat with antibiotics
- Self-help measures, if caught early are often enough
- When self-help measures are not helping
- Red area becomes worse, or lump becomes larger
- Discharge from nipple
- ‘Flu like’ symptoms (pyrexia, rigors, tachycardia and dizzy)

18
Q

how do we help with P+A?

A
  • Baby held close (1)
  • Baby held/supported with head and body inline (1)
  • Baby’s head free to tilt back (1)
  • Baby held with nose opposite nipple (1)
    Component of Assessment - Attachment Points offered Achieved
  • Watch for baby to have a wide open mouth (1)
  • Mother moves her baby to her breast with head tilted back, chin leading (1)
  • Bottom lip touches breast well away from the base of the nipple (1)
    Nipple aimed towards the rear of the roof of the baby’s mouth (1)
19
Q

how do we support HAND EXPRESSION?

A
  • Explains why hand expressing might be useful (1) – stimulates oxytocin which triggers the let-down reflex, can help collect ebm, can help baby find the nipple and encourage to feed, might be useful to decrease encouraged breasts or mastitis.
  • Describes an approach to teaching the practical skills of hand expressing which demonstrates a woman centred approach (1)
  • Describes skill using a diagram or model of the relevant anatomy 1
  • Explains the importance of stimulating oxytocin (1) – oxytocin is the hormone that ejects milk. It produces the ‘let down reflex’ which is controlled by the mother seeing, feeling, smelling her baby etc.
  • Suggests things that will help with oxytocin:
  • Having baby near (1)
  • Gentle breast massage (1)
  • Use of something to remind mother of baby (1)
  • Explain to a mother how to express milk:
  • Place fingers 2-3 cm back from the base of the nipple (1)
  • Shifting her fingers position when needed (1)
  • Thumb in C shape (1)
  • Compress and release in a steady rhythm (+/- pressing back first) (1)
  • Avoid sliding fingers on skin (1)
  • Move round breast once flow slows (1)
  • Once flow slows/ceases, move to other breast (1)
20
Q

how do we asses EFFECTIVE FEEDING?

A
  • Mother comfortable/pain free during feed (1)
  • Baby’s mouth is wide open (1)
  • Baby’s chin indents the breast (1)
  • Baby’s cheeks are full and round (1)
  • Nipple aimed towards the rear of the roof of the baby’s mouth (1)
  • Suckling is appropriate to age of baby:
  • Usually rapid initially, then deep (1)
  • Rhythmic with pauses (1)
  • 2:1 suck shallow ratio
  • Audible swallows (1)
  • Areola: If any is visible, then more will be visible above the baby’s top lip (1)
  • The baby is contented and stays on the breast (1)
21
Q

why is alcohol a risk factor?

A
  • Small head (when checking OFC)
  • Small or large eyes
  • IUGR (problems with breathing, feeding, trouble keeping a steady body temperature, low blood sugar level (hypoglycaemia), problems fighting off infections, neurological problems – reflexes)
  • Hearing disorders
  • Shallow philtrum
  • Thin upper lip
  • Congenital abnormalities - cleft lip, palpate, heart defects
22
Q

why is deafness a risk factor?

A
  • check referral to audiology
  • check screening results
  • check any abnormalities in the structure
23
Q

why is no screening a risk factor?

A
  • Edwards -Low set and malformed ears, Small mouth and jaw, Wide epicanthic folds,
  • Downs - Protruding tongue - large in portion to other structures of the mouth, Hypotonia - decreased muscle tone, Palm of hand with only one crease
  • Patau’s - Bilateral cleft lip and palate, Malformed ears Abnormal extremities
24
Q

why is prom a risk factor?

A

Infection
Check if baby is grunting, nasal flaring, taking more respiratory effort, high pitch cry

25
Q

3 holistic care needs…

A

Anaemia – iron tablets – dietitian due to previous ED and if wanting to stop iron tablets
Birth – obstetric birth debrief referral, Perinatal mental health
Moved home – home start
Mastitis – infant feeding team, doctor for prescription, breastbuddies