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geology > minerals > Flashcards

minerals Flashcards

1
Q

what is a mineral?

A

naturally occurring
inorganic
crystalline solid
definite but variable chemical composition

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2
Q

what is natural occurring?

A

made in nature
not man made

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3
Q

what is inorganic?

A

no organic compounds
no carbon bonded to hydrogen

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4
Q

what is crystalline?

A

atoms are organized in a specific orderly pattern called a crystal lattice

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5
Q

what is definite but variable composition?

A

a chemical composition can have some elements swapped for others without affecting the mineral

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6
Q

how do we tell minerals apart?

A

based off of their physical properties:
colour
lustre
clarity
streak
habit
fracture
cleavage
hardness

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7
Q

what is colour caused by?

A

due to impurities in the crystal structure, inclusions of other elements, or heat

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8
Q

what is lustre?

A

it is how a mineral reflects light

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9
Q

what is clarity?

A

the ability to see light through a mineral/the ability to transmit light

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10
Q

what is streak?

A

it is the colour of the powdered mineral

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11
Q

what is it habit?

A

the shape the crystal would grow naturally with enough space

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12
Q

how does a crystal grow?

A

by adding chemicals to itself

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13
Q

what is a native element?

A

mineral made out of one element

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14
Q

what is a massive mineral?

A

shapeless

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15
Q

What is a granular mineral?

A

bunch of tiny crystals put together

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16
Q

what does fracture refer to?

A

how a mineral breaks

17
Q

what is cleavage?

A

breaks along a naturally occurring plane of weakness

18
Q

what is a diagnostic characteristic?

A

something that will differentiate two minerals

19
Q

what are earth materials?

A

naturally occurring materials that make up the earths crust

20
Q

what is a rock?

A

made up of one or more minerals in nature
solid
no set definition

21
Q

what’s the difference between a rock and mineral?

A

minerals are made up of only one mineral
rocks are made up of multiple materials

22
Q

what can rocks be made of?

A

soil
fossils
minerals
SOLID AGGREGATE OF EARTH MATERIALS

23
Q

what is aggregate of minerals?

A

whole unbroken minerals

24
Q

what is aggregate of grains?

A

fragment of other rock, minerals or fossils

25
Q

how do we classify earth materials

A

form
composition

26
Q

what is considered form?

A

aggregate of grains
aggregate of crystals
single crystals
amorphous

27
Q

what is considered composition?

A

homogeneous
heterogenous

28
Q

what is homogeneous?

A

made up of a single crystal or earth material

29
Q

what is heterogeneous?

A

made up of multiple crystals or earth materials

30
Q

what is organic?

A

made up of organic compounds

31
Q

what is inorganic?

A

made up of inorganic compounds

geology (15 decks)

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