mineral classes

Question 1

what controls the physical property of minerals?

Answer 1

how the atoms in the crystal lattice are arranged
the bonds that hold the lattice together

Question 2

characteristics of medallic bonds?

Answer 2

conducts electricity
flexible bonds
malleable

Question 3

composition of silicates?

Answer 3

contains (SiO4)4-

Question 4

what is an oxide?

Answer 4

contains 02-

Question 5

composition of a sulfide?

Answer 5

contains S2-

Question 6

composition of a sulphate?

Answer 6

contain (SO4)2-

Question 7

composition of a halide?

Answer 7

contain a halogen (F, Cl, Br, etc)

Question 8

composition of a carbonate?

Answer 8

contain (CO3)2-

Question 9

what is the basic building block for most minerals?

Answer 9

the silicate tetrahedron

Question 9

How does a silicate tetrahedron work?

Answer 9

4 oxygen atoms surround one silicon atom
each oxygen covalently shares an electron with the silicon
very strong bonds

Question 10

How do minerals neutralize the charge?

Answer 10

tetrahedra can form ionic bonds with cations
covalently bond tetrahedra together
mix of covalent and ionic bonds

Question 11

what are common cations?

Answer 11

Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Al, Si

Question 12

How are the properties of silicate minerals determined?

Answer 12

composition of the mineral
arrangement of the atoms in the crystal lattice
bonds of atoms in the crystal lattice

Question 13

How do minerals form?

Answer 13

solidification
precipitation from solution
solid state diffusion
biomineralization
precipitation from a gas

Question 14

What is solidification?

Answer 14

minerals crystalize directly out of molten rock as it cools

Question 15

what is precipitation from a solution?

Answer 15

minerals precipitate out of a water solution due to evaporation

Question 16

what is solid state diffusion?

Answer 16

rearrangement of atoms or ions through a solid to form a new crystal structure as a result of increasing heat and pressure

Question 17

what is biomineralization?

Answer 17

living organisms create minerals to strengthen their tissue

Question 18

what is precipitation from a gas?

Answer 18

minerals crystalize from cooling gas entering the atmosphere
gas comes from geysers or volcanic vents

Question 19

how many types of rocks are there?

Answer 19

igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

Question 20

how do igneous rocks form?

Answer 20

from molten rock as it cools
precipitation of minerals from gas

Question 21

how do sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 21

crystallize from dissolved elements in groundwater
minerals from broken down rock or fossils

Question 22

how do metamorphic rocks form?

Answer 22

minerals recrystallize from existing minerals where conditions in the crust cause high heat and pressure

Question 23

How does rock formation affect texture?

Answer 23

a difference in formation will change the shape and size (texture) of minerals in the rock