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Mycology > LABORATORY EVALUATION (Macroscopic) > Flashcards

LABORATORY EVALUATION (Macroscopic) Flashcards

1
Q

Media used for the cultivation of asporogenous yeasts

A

Acetate ascospore agar

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2
Q

This formulation is a better sporulation medium than sodium acetate

A

potassium acetate

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3
Q

stain used in acetate ascospore agar

A

Kinyoun carbol-fuchsin acid-fast stain

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4
Q

What species is seen in acetate ascospore agar?

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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5
Q

Medio used for the isolation of Cryptococcus spp. esp. C. neoformans and C. gattii which is unique in that they produce the enzyme phenol oxidase

A

Birdseed agar (syn. Niger seed agar)

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6
Q

true/false

Breakdown of substrate (Guizotia abyssinica seed or niger seeds) produces MELANIN which is absorbed into the yeast wall and imparts a tan to brown pigmentation of the colonies

A

true

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7
Q

reagent used in birdseed agar

A

chloramphenicol and creatinine

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8
Q

a selective agent that inhibits bacteria and some fungi

A

chloramphenicol

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9
Q

Enhances melanization of some strains of C. neoformans

A

creatinine

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10
Q

mediu used for the isolation and differentiation of candida spp.

A

Bismuth sulfite-glucose-glycine yeast (BiGGY) agar

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11
Q

true/false

Candida spp. reduce the bismuth sulfide (also acts as an inhibitor of bacterial growth) to bismuth sulfite which results in pigmentation

A

false

Candida spp. reduce the bismuth sulfite (also acts as an inhibitor of bacterial growth) to bismuth sulfide which results in pigmentation

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12
Q

nutritive bases of BiGGY

A

Peptone
Glucose
Yeast Extract

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13
Q

C. albicans vs C. tropicalis

in terms of color of colonies

A

C. albicans: Brown to balck colonies with no pigment and no sheen

C. tropicalis: Dark brown colonies with black centers, black pigment diffusion, and sheen

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14
Q

medium used for the cultivation and isolation of all fungi

A

Brain heart infusion agar (fungal formulation)

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15
Q

true/false

BHI contains 5% sheep red cell

A

false

10% kase

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16
Q

reagent used in BHI

A

chloramphenicol
gentamicin
cycloheximide

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17
Q

Inhibits overgrowth of saprophytic fungi

A

cycloheximide

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18
Q

An adaptation of birdseed agar.

A

Caffeic agar

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19
Q

what species is detected in caffeic agar?

A

C. neoformans, brown in color

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20
Q

medium used to distinguish C. neoformans from C. gattii

A

Canavanine-glycine-bromthymol blue agar

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21
Q

C. gattii vs C. neoformans C. neoformans var. neoformans

in terms of serotypes

A

C. gattii: serotype B and C

C. neoformans: serotype A

C. neoformans var. Neoformans: Serotype D

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22
Q

C. gattii vs C. neoformans C. neoformans var. neoformans

in terms of colonial color

A

C. gattii: cobalt blue

C. neoformans and C. neoformans var. Neoformans: greenish yellow

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23
Q

medium used for the isolation of clinically important yeasts

A

CHROMagar (BD BBL; BD Diagnostics Systems)

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24
Q

reagent used in CHROMagar

A

PEPTONE
GLUCOSE
CHLORAMPHENICOL

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25
Q

species detected in CHROMagar

A

C. krusei

C. glabrata

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26
Q

true/false

CHROMagar is more sensitive than SDA and helpful in identifying mixed cultures of yeasts, and it may enhance the rapid assimilation of trehalose by C. glabrata.

A

true

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27
Q

true/false

The medium is available with or without fluconazole, providing additional selection of fluconazole resistant viz., C. krusei

A

true

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28
Q

medium used in the presumptive identification of Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula spp

A

Christensen’s urea agar

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29
Q

It uses urea hydrolysis which facilitates the separation of certain dermatophytes viz., T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum

A

christensen’s urea agar

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30
Q

reagent used in christensen’s urea agar

A

UREA
phenol red

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31
Q

used for the cultivation and differentiation of T. mentagrophytes from T. rubrum on the basis of pigment production

A

Cornmeal agar with 1% dextrose

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32
Q

Used for the differentiation of Candida species on the basis of morphological characteristics.

A

Cornmeal agar with Tween 80

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33
Q

Used as the surfactant which is specifically incorporated in lieu of dextrose for the demonstration of pseudohyphal, chlamydospores, and arthrospores formation

A

Tween 80

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34
Q

Method used in for chlamydospore production wherein it is obtained by subsurface inoculation, or by placing a cover slip over the yeast inoculum, creating a microaerophilic environment

A

Dalmau method

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35
Q

used for the differentiation of Aspergillus spp

A

Czapek-Dox agar

36
Q

These are the sole carbon and nitrogen sources in Czapek-Dox agar

A

Sucrose and sodium nitrate

37
Q

Any bacteria or fungi that can use sodium nitrate as a nitrogen source can grow on this medium.

A

Czapek-Dox agar

38
Q

For the recovery, selection, and differentiation of dermatophytes from keratinous specimens

A

Dermatophyte test medium (DTM

39
Q

reagents used in DTM

A

Cycloheximide
Chloramphenicol
Phenol red indicator

40
Q

true/false

Medium is red and turns yellow with growth of dermatophyte.

A

false!

baliktad and color beh

41
Q

For the isolation and growth of lipo dependent Malassezia spp

A

Leeming and Notman medium

42
Q

composition of Leeming and Notman medium

A

Ox bile
Glycerol monostearate
Glycerol
Tween 80
Cow’s milk (whole fat)

43
Q

Medium may serve as an alternative to SDA because not all species can grow in this medium

A

Leeming and Notman medium

44
Q

These are species of malassezia that cannot grow in Leeming and Notman medium

A

M. globosa, M. restricta, M. obtusa

45
Q

For the isolation of fungi from contaminated specimen.

A

Littman oxgall agar

46
Q

the selective agents inhibiting bacteria in littman oxgall agar

A

Crystal violet and streptomycin

47
Q

This restricts the spreading of fungal colonies.

A

oxgall

48
Q

For the isolation of dermatophytes but also for the isolation of other pathogenic fungi from specimens contaminated with saprophytic fungi and bacteria

A

Mycobiotic or Mycosel agar

49
Q

Stimulate conidium production by fungi and stimulates pigment production in some dermatophytes

A

Potato Dextrose

50
Q

used with the slide culture technique to view morphological characteristics

A

Potato Dextrose

51
Q

Incorporation of this in Potato Dextrose medium lowers the pH, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth.

A

tartaric acid

52
Q

Used for the selective cultivation of yeasts, molds and aciduric bacteria

A

Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA)

53
Q

reagents in SDA

A

Pancreatic digest of casein, peptic digest of animal tissue, dextrose at 4% conc. Buffered to a ph of 5.6

  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Cycloheximide
  3. Gentamicin
  4. Ciprofloxacin
  5. Penicillin and (or) Streptomycin
54
Q

What did Emmons do to modify SDA?

A

modified the original formulation by reducing the dextrose conc’n. To 2% and adjusting the pH nearly to neutrality 6.9 to 7.0

55
Q

Petri dish vs Test tube

in terms of surface area

A

Petri dish: large (7,500 mm2)

Test tube: small (1,500 mm2)

56
Q

Petri dish vs Test tube

in terms of oxygen supply

A

Petri dish: good

Test tube: poor

57
Q

Petri dish vs Test tube

in terms of rate of drying

A

Petri dish: relatively fast

Test tube: relatively slow

58
Q

Petri dish vs Test tube

in terms of security of closure

A

Petri dish: poor (lid is easily displaced)

Test tube: good

59
Q

Petri dish vs Test tube

in terms of probability of dissemination

A

Petri dish: relatively large

Test tube: relatively small

60
Q

Petri dish vs Test tube

in terms of detection of mixed culture

A

Petri dish: relatively easy

Test tube: relatively difficult

61
Q

incubation of fungal culture of Mold forms, most common temperature for incubation

A

25 C to 30 C

62
Q

incubation of fungal culture of Opportunistic and dimorphic organisms

A

30 C

63
Q

incubation of fungal culture of Conversion to yeast phase for dimorphic fungi

A

25 C to 37 C

64
Q

growth rate: <5 days

A

rapid growers

65
Q

growth rate: 8-10 days

A

intermediate growers

66
Q

growth rate: >11 days

A

slow growers

67
Q

texture appears leather-like, or waxy little mycelium, seems to merge with the aga

A

Glabrous

68
Q

texture Resembles plush or suede, short aerial hyphae of equal length

A

Velvety

69
Q

texture Resembles colonies of other Staphylococcus spp. (formerly CoNS), “bacteria like” but
more dry and dull (waxy-pasty). No aerial mycelium, with a delicate fringe around the
colonies in BAP

A

Yeast like

70
Q

texture Wooly or “Floccose”, large quantities of long aerial hyphae that becomes entangled and
may fill the entire petri dish

A

Cottony

71
Q

texture Powdery due to heavy conidiation or sporulation, has even hyphae and abundant
conidia

A

Granular

72
Q

topography: Presence of radial groves from the center of the culture toward the rim

A

Rugose

73
Q

topography: Random folds (long, short, parallel at right angles or combination)

A

folded

74
Q

topography: Have central depression (concavity) surrounded by raised edges. Resembles S.
pneumoniae colonies

A

Crateriform

75
Q

topography: Have many warts or rough knobs on the surface

A

verrucose

76
Q

topography: Brain-like convolutions

A

cerebriform

77
Q

methods used in microscopic evaluation of growth in culture

A

tease mount
dalmau method
slide culture
scotch tape method

78
Q

Method of preservation of culture where conidia and spores form a fresh culture are washed off in sterile water and placed in labelled vials

A

Storage in water

79
Q

Method of preservation of culture: Labelling glass tubes with a screw-capped and placed in a freezer (-70oC)

A

Freezing

80
Q

Method of preservation of culture: Layering an entire slant with mineral oil, capping the tube tightly and storing at room
temperature

A

Mineral oil overlays

81
Q

Method of preservation of culture: Freeze drying with the use of special equipment (lyophilizer)

A

Lyophilization

82
Q

methods in Immunologic identification of fungi

A

Immunodiffusion (ID)

Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Complement-fixation test (CFTs)

Fluorescent-enzyme immunoassay (FEIA)

83
Q

Found in the blood of patients with invasive fungal infections, and its ability to activate factor G of
the horse-shoe crab coagulation pathways that allows it to be measured and quantified.

A

1,3-β-D-glucan

84
Q

this method of immunologic identification has the ability to detect organisms that are present in small numbers of that cannot be cultured.

A

Nucleic acid testing

85
Q

this method of immunologic identification offers the potential to identify pathogens in biopsy samples that have been formalin-fixed and even wax-embedded

A

Nucleic acid testing

86
Q

this method of immunologic identification offers the potential to identify pathogens in biopsy samples that have been formalin-fixed and even wax-embedded

A

Nucleic acid testing

87
Q

REVIEW MO NGA YUNG TABLE SA IMMUNOLOGIC IDENTIFICATION

A

OKAY?

Mycology (5 decks)

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