Quiz 5 (Ch. 6) Flashcards
3 parts defining punishment
1) behavior occurs
2) consequence immediately follows behavior
3) behavior is less likely to occur
punisher (aversive stimulus)
consequence that makes behavior less likely to occur
positive punishment
1) behavior occurs
2) followed by aversive stimulus
3) behavior is less likely to occur
(i.e. child doesn’t do hw -> more chores)
negative punishment
1) behavior occurs
2) followed by removal of reinforcing stimulus
3) behavior is less likely to occur
(i.e. lose access to toy)
2 examples of negative punishment
1) time-out from positive reinforcement
2) response cost
-both include loss of reinforcing stimulus after occurrence of problem behavior
time out from positive reinforcement
contingent on occurrence of problem behavior
-person loses access to positive reinforcers briefly
-person removed from reinforcing enviro. in time-out procedure
(i.e., grounding)
response cost
contingent on behavior, specified amount of reinforcer is improved
(i.e., speeding fines)
unconditioned punisher
stimulus that’s naturally punishing because avoiding or minimizing contact with stimulus has survival value
-no prior conditioning needed
(i.e., pain)
conditioned punisher
stimulus that function as punishers after being paired with unconditioned punisher or existing conditioned punisher
(i.e., electric shock collar)
generalized conditioned punisher
paired with various unconditioned or conditioned punishers
-(i.e. “no”)
factors influencing effectiveness of punishment
immediacy, contingency, MO, individual differences, magnitude
-nature of punishing consequence
Ethical guidelines that Board Certified Behavior Analysis follow state that?
reinforcement should be used before punishment is considered
-if punishment is necessary it should be used with reinforcement for alternative behavior
