12/15 Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
Skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column
A
Axial skeleton
2
Q
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
A
80 bones
3
Q
What percentage of bones does the axial skeleton make up?
A
40%
4
Q
Upper limbs, lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
A
Appendicular skeleton
5
Q
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
A
126 bones
6
Q
joints between skull bones held together by dense fibrous tissue
A
Sutures
7
Q
Coronal suture
A
frontal to parietal
8
Q
Squamous suture
A
temporal to parietal
9
Q
Sagittal suture
A
parietal to parietal
10
Q
Lambdoid suture
A
occipital to parietal
11
Q
Form part of medial wall of the orbit (eye socket)
A
Lacrimal bones
12
Q
Form the posterior portion of the hard palate and contribute to the floor of each orbit
A
Palatine bones
13
Q
Form part of the cheekbone
A
Zygomatic bones
14
Q
Support the upper teeth and form inferior orbital rim, the upper jaw, lateral margins of the external nares, and most of hard palate
A
Maxillae
15
Q
Increase epithelial surface area to warm and humidify inhaled air
A
Inferior nasal conchae
16
Q
Forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum
A
Vomer
17
Q
forms the lower jaw
A
Mandible
18
Q
Forms the anterior portion of the cranium and roof of the orbits, Frontal sinuses secrete mucus that helps flush the nasal cavities
A
Frontal bone
19
Q
Forms part of the floor of the cranium, Unites facial and cranial bones, Acts as a cross-brace to strengthen sides of the skull
A
Sphenoid bone
20
Q
Forms the anteromedial floor of the cranium, the roof of the nasal cavity, part of nasal septum and medial orbital wall
A
Ethmoid bone
21
Q
Form part of the superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium
A
Parietal bones
22
Q
Contributes to the posterior, lateral, and inferior cranial surfaces
A
Occipital bone
23
Q
Form part of the lateral wall of the cranium, Articulate with the mandible and facial bones, Surround the sense organs of the inner ear
A
Temporal bone
24
Q
Attachment for muscles that rotate or extend head
A
Mastoid process
25
Attached to ligaments supporting the hyoid bone and tendons of several muscles
Styloid process
26
Large fibrous areas between cranial bones of infants and small children
Fontanelles
27
commonly called the soft spot, Intersection of frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures
Anterior fontanelle
28
Junction of squamous and coronal sutures
Sphenoidal fontanelle
29
Junction of squamous and lambdoid sutures
Mastoid fontanelle
30
Junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
Occipital fontanelle
31
Vertebrae body: small oval curved faces
Cervical vertebrae
32
Spinous process: long, split tip, points inferiorly
Cervical vertebrae
33
Transverse process – transverse foramina
Cervical vertebrae
34
Vertebrae body: medium, heart shaped, flat faces, facets for rib articulations
Thoracic vertebrae
35
Spinous process: long, slender, not split, points inferiorly
Thoracic vertebrae
36
Transverse process: all but two have facets for rib articulations
Thoracic vertebrae
37
Vertebrae body: massive, oval, flat faces
Lumbar vertebrae
38
Spinous process: blunt, broad, points posteriorly
Lumbar vertebrae
39
Transverse process: short, not articular facets or transverse foramina
Lumbar vertebrae
40
permits nodding yes
C1 Atlas
41
permits rotation & shaking head no
C2 Axis
42
Body of each vertebrae slightly larger as they move inferiorly, able to bear increasing weight
Thoracic vertebrae
43
Largest vertebrae, transmit the most weight
Lumbar vertebrae
44
Names of the 5 regions of vertebral column and # of bones
Cervical – 7 vertebrae, Thoracic – 12 vertebrae, Lumbar – 5 vertebrae, Sacral – 5 fused vertebrae, Coccygeal – 3 to 5 fused vertebrae
45
Vertebrosternal ribs
True ribs, 1-7
46
Vertebrochondral ribs
Floating ribs, 8-10
47
Vertebral ribs
False ribs, 11-12
48
Describe rib articulations
Rib articulates with a thoracic vertebra via costal facets
49
What is the significance of sternoclavicular joint?
Only articulation between pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton
50
joins the arms to the trunk
pectoral girdle
51
composed of two hip bones
pelvic girdle
52
Name the two girdles
pectoral and pelvic
53
humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpals, phalanges
upper limbs
54
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
lower limbs
55
Describe the shoulder articulation
Articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
56
Describe the hip articulation
Articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum (deep fossa) of the hip bone
57
bones that make up the coxal bone
Each formed by the fusion of three bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)
58
Synarthrosis
No movement
59
Amphiarthrosis
some movement
60
Diarthrosis
freely moveable
61
Components of a synovial joint
Articular cartilage, joint capsule, synovial membrane, Located at the ends of long bones
62
Permits sliding motion in any direction on a relatively flat surface
Gliding
63
Movement along two axes in one plane
Angular
64
Bone end remains fixed, and the shaft rotates around the longitudinal axis
Rotation
65
Proximal end of bone remains fixed while distal end moves in a path of drawing a circle
Circumduction
66
Decreases the angle of the joint
Flexion
67
Increases the angle of the joint
Extension
68
Extension past the anatomical position
Hyperextension
69
Refers to bending the vertebral column to the side
Lateral flexion
70
Upward movement of the foot or toes
Dorsiflexion
71
Movement extending the ankle as in standing on tiptoe
Plantar flexion
72
Movement away from the longitudinal axis in the frontal plane
Abduction
73
Movement toward the longitudinal axis in the frontal plane
Adduction
74
Moving a body part such that the distal end traces a circle while the proximal end stays in one position
Circumduction
75
Anterior surface of a limb turns toward the long axis of the trunk
Medial rotation
76
Anterior surface of a limb turns away from the long axis of the trunk
Lateral rotation
77
Turns the wrist and hand from palm facing front to palm facing back (posteriorly)
Pronation
78
Palm is turned anteriorly
Supination
79
Movement of the thumb toward the surface of the palm or pads of other fingers, Enables grasping objects
Opposition
80
Twisting motion turning the sole inward
Inversion
81
Opposing motion turning the sole outward
Eversion
82
Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane
Protraction
83
Reverse of protraction; returning the body part to normal position
Retraction
84
Moving a body part inferiorly (as in opening your jaw)
Depression
85
Moving a body part superiorly (as in closing your jaw)
Elevation
86
held together by fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous
87
connected by dense fibrous connective tissue
Suture
88
binding teeth to bony sockets in maxillae and mandible
Gomphosis
89
connected by a ligament
Syndesmosis
90
held together by cartilage
Cartilaginous
91
rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones
Synchondrosis
92
articulating bones separated by pad of fibrocartilage
Symphysis
93
totally rigid, immovable joint
Synostosis
94
Permit wider range of motion than any other joint type, Located at the ends of long bones
Synovial
95
Provides lateral support of the knee
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
96
Provides medial support of the knee
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
97
Reinforce posterior surface of the joint
Popliteal ligaments
98
Repeating functional units of skeletal muscle fiber
Sarcomere
99
Thin and thick filaments interspersed
Zone of overlap
100
Boundary between adjacent sarcomeres
Z lines
101
Connects central portion of each thick filament
M line
102
Darker, dense sarcomere region containing thick filaments and thin filaments, The length of the thick filament
A band
103
Lighter band containing only thin filaments (no thick)
I band
104
Contains only thick filaments (no thin)
H band
105
Continuous with sarcolemma, Encircle sarcomere and tightly bind to sarcoplasmic reticulum
Transverse tubules (T tubules)
106
What are thin filaments composed of?
Actin
107
What are thick filaments composed of?
Myosin
108
Three types of muscles
skeltal, smooth, cardiac
109
Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?
voluntary
110
Are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
111
Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
112
Tension rises and skeletal muscle length changes
Isotonic contraction
113
Muscle length does not change and tension never exceeds load
Isometric contraction
114
Dense layer of collagen fibers surrounding entire muscle
Epimysium
115
Increase in muscle size
Hypertrophy
116
Decrease in muscle size, tone, and power
Atrophy
117
Intercellular connection between motor neuron and skeletal muscle fiber
Neuromuscular junction
118
bundle of muscle fibers connecting muscle to bone
Tendon
119
Single stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber
Twitch
120
Muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing particular movement
Agonist
121
Muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently
Synergist
122
Synergists that assist by preventing movement at another joint
Fixators
123
Muscle whose action opposes particular agonist
Antagonist
124
Where fixed end of a skeletal muscle attaches
Origin
125
Where the movable end of a skeletal muscle attaches
Insertion
126
Fulcrum is between applied force and load
First class lever
127
Load is between applied force and fulcrum
Second-class lever
128
Force applied between load and fulcrum
Third-class lever
129
Most common lever in body
Third-class lever
130
Speed and distance traveled are increased at expense of effective force
Third-class lever
131
Increased effective force but at expense of speed and distance
Second-class lever
132
Position head and spinal column, move rib cage, assist in breathing
Axial muscles
133
Stabalize or move appendicular skeleton
Appendicular muscles
134
Extensors of the knee
Quadriceps
135
Flexors or the knee
Hamstrings
136
Extensors of the hip
Hamstrings
137
Common name for the collection of four muscles and associated tendons that are involved in arm movements (such as throwing a ball)
Rotator cuff
138
Four muscles of the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
