Chapter 10

Question 1

The muscular system accounts for ____ of our body weight

Answer 1

half

Question 2

Two divisions of the muscular system

Answer 2

Axial muscles

Appendicular muscles

Question 3

Support and position axial skeleton

Answer 3

axial muscles

Question 4

Support, move, and brace the limbs

Answer 4

Appendicular muscles

Question 5

Rigid structure that moves when force is applied

Answer 5

lever

Question 6

Fixed point on which lever pivots (joint)

Answer 6

Fulcrum

Question 7

Fulcrum (F) is between applied force (AF) and load (L)

Acts like seesaw

Answer 7

first class lever

Question 8

Load is between applied force and fulcrum

Acts like wheelbarrow

Answer 8

second class lever

Question 9

Most common lever in body

Force applied between load and fulcrum

Answer 9

third class lever

Question 10

Where fixed end of a skeletal muscle attaches

Answer 10

origin

Question 11

Where the movable end of a skeletal muscle attaches

Answer 11

insertion

Question 12

Specific movement of a skeletal muscle

Answer 12

action

Question 13

Standing on tip toes is an example of what type of lever?

Answer 13

second class lever

Question 14

Bicep curls are examples of what type of lever?

Answer 14

third class lever

Question 15

Muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing particular movement

Answer 15

agonist or prime mover

Question 16

Muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently

May provide additional pull or stabilize origin

Answer 16

synergist

Question 17

Synergists that assist by preventing movement at another joint

Answer 17

fixators

Question 18

Muscle whose action opposes particular agonist

Answer 18

antagonist

Question 19

Position head and spinal column

Move rib cage, assist in breathing

Answer 19

axial muscles

Question 20

Stabilize or move appendicular skeleton

Answer 20

Appendicular muscles

Question 21

Four major muscle groups

Answer 21

Head and neck
Vertebral column
Oblique and rectus
Pelvic floor

Question 22

Includes muscles of facial expression, extrinsic eye muscles, muscles of the tongue, pharynx, and neck

Answer 22

Muscles of the head and neck

Question 23

Includes muscles that stabilize, flex, extend, or rotate the vertebral column

Answer 23

Muscles of the vertebral column

Question 24

Broad sheets or bands forming the muscular walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Answer 24

Oblique and rectus muscles of the trunk

Question 25

Spans the pelvic outlet and supports organs of the pelvis

Answer 25

Muscles of the pelvic floor

Question 26

Elevating the mandible, sliding the mandible side to side, protruding the mandible, opening the jaw (lateral pterygoid)

Answer 26

Muscles of mastication

Question 27

Positioning the eyes

Answer 27

Extrinsic eye muscles

Question 28

Involved in positioning mandible, hyoid, and larynx

Answer 28

Muscles of the neck

Question 29

Why does the vertebral column does not need massive series of flexors?

Answer 29

Many large trunk muscles flex vertebral column | Most of body weight is anterior to the vertebral column, and gravity tends to flex the spine

Question 30

Muscles of the vertebral column have _____ extensors but _____ flexors.

Answer 30

many | few

Question 31

Stabilize, position, and support the limbs | Categorized into upper limb and lower limb

Answer 31

Appendicular muscles

Question 32

Both oblique and rectus muscles

Answer 32

muscles of the trunk wall

Question 33

Muscles that position the pectoral girdle Muscles that move the arm Muscles that move the forearm and hand Extrinsic muscles of the hand and fingers Intrinsic muscles of the hand

Answer 33

upper limb

Question 34

``` Muscles that move the thigh Muscles that move the leg Extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes and fibula Intrinsic muscles of the foot ```

Answer 34

lower limb

Question 35

Largest of the appendicular muscles

Answer 35

Appendicular muscles originating on the trunk

Question 36

Primarily originate on large bones of limb girdles and proximal bones of the limbs

Answer 36

Posterior appendicular trunk muscles

Question 37

Largest muscle in the group of muscles that position the pelvic girdle

Answer 37

trapezius

Question 38

Originate on the clavicle, scapula, thoracic cage, and vertebral column

Answer 38

muscles that move the arm

Question 39

largest superficial muscles associated with arm movements

Answer 39

Latissimus dorsi and deltoid

Question 40

Line of force produced with muscle contraction

Answer 40

line of action

Question 41

Common name for the collection of four muscles and associated tendons that are involved in arm movements (such as throwing a ball)

Answer 41

rotator cuff

Question 42

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

Answer 42

rotator cuff

Question 43

Wrist extensors are seen best on the _____ surface | Wrist flexors are seen best on the _____ surface

Answer 43

posterior | anterior

Question 44

Tubular bursae surrounding tendons where they cross bony surfaces

Answer 44

Synovial tendon sheaths

Question 45

Caused by inflammation of the flexor retinaculum and synovial tendon sheaths

Answer 45

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 46

Originate on the humerus, radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane

Answer 46

Muscles that move the hand and fingers

Question 47

Originate on the carpal and metacarpal bones and associated tendons and ligaments

Answer 47

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

Question 48

Do any muscles originate on the phalanges?

Answer 48

NO

Question 49

All four of the quadriceps muscles insert on the patella via the _____

Answer 49

quadriceps tendon

Question 50

Largest muscles associated with ankle movement

Answer 50

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

Question 51

Separates limb muscles into separate compartments

Answer 51

Deep fascia

Question 52

Why do compartments created by the deep fascia not generally communicate with each other?

Answer 52

Infection or excess pressure remain in that compartment

Question 53

Trauma to a limb can cause bleeding Elevates pressure and compresses blood vessels and nerves within that compartment Lack of blood flow leads to “blood starvation” or ischemia

Answer 53

Compartment syndrome