1.2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
what are the roles of law creation?
-parliament passes acts
-judges create laws by setting judicial precedents that other courts must then follow, and by interpreting the meaning of statutes
-the ministry of justice and the home office oversee most of the justice system and are responsible for its smooth running
what are the relationships of law creation?
police - enforce the laws
courts - decide the outcomes of criminal cases
prison and probation service - punish those convicted
what are the roles of the police?
- responsible for enforcing the criminal law
- investigate crimes
- collect evidence
- 43 regional police forces
- make arrests
- detain and question suspects
- may issue cautions or fixed notices
what are the relationships of the police?
courts - giving evidence as prosecution witnesses, providing protection for vulnerable witnesses, holding defendants in police cells and transporting them to and from court
the CPS - providing evidence for the prosecution of offenders, charging offenders in line with CPS instruction
HP Prison and probation services - arrest prisoners who have been recalled to prison for breaching the terms of their licence, managing a list of child sex offenders living in the area due to Sarah’s Law
voluntary organisation - referring victims and witnesses of crime to Victim Support
MAPPA - process where police, probation + prison services work together with other agencies to assess + manage the risks posed by individuals convicted of serious violent terrorism offences living in the community in order to protect the public
what are the roles of the CPS?
- prepares and presents the prosecution case in court
- advises the police in their investigations about the lines of inquiry and what evidence is required to build a case
- apply the full code test
- deal with 500000 cases a year assessing the evidence the police submit to it and decides whether to prosecute and what charges
what are the relationships of the CPS?
courts - preparing and presenting the prosecution case against offenders; preparing appeals against unduly lenient sentences
police - advising on possible lines of inquiry and evidence collection to build a case; instructing them on charging suspects (CPS Direct)
what are the roles of the HM Courts and Tribunal services?
magistrates court - deal with less serious cases (95% of all cases)
crown court - deals with serious offences which are triable by a judge and a jury
responsible for the administration of the court and tribunals
statutory interpretation and judicial
what are the relationships of the HM Courts and Tribunal services?
courts + judges - supervise the efficient running of the courts system, funding the individual courts
following sentencing guidelines from the sentencing council
HM Prison service - holding prisoners attending court, pending their transfer/return to prison; arranging video recording + live links for prisoners giving evidence from prison
what are the roles of the ministry of justice?
- oversees the work of the courts, probation service and prison systems
- responsible for running of the justice system as a whole
- ensure sentences are served and offenders are encouraged to rehabilitate
what is the role of the parole board?
- an independent body that assesses the risks of prisoners to decide if they can be safely released into the community
- 246 parole board members
- consider a dossier of evidence on the prisoner and can undertake an oral hearing to decide if the prisoner should be released or moved to open prison
what are the relationships of the parole board?
The ministry of justice - refers cases to the parole board
work with offender managers from both the prison and probation services to make their decision
what are the roles of the sentencing council?
- produces guidelines on sentencing for judiciary and other criminal justice professionals
- try to ensure that the punishments are consistent through the country
what are the relationships of the sentencing council
courts - judges and magistrates decide on the sentence by following the guidelines and taking into account a number of factors (e.g. seriousness of the offence, previous convictions)
ministry of justice - over see this
prison and probation service punish convicted offenders
what are the roles of the HM Prison service?
- deter people from committing crimes
- supervises offenders in custody
- holds prisoners and stops them from causing hard to the community
what are the relationships of the HM Prison service?
courts - carrying out the custodial sentences that the court has imposed on offenders
police - facilitating interviews with prisoners involved in ongoing police investigations
probation service - liaising what a prisoner is to be released from prison on licence
ministry of justice over see this
voluntary organisation
campaigns - to change the justice system
what are the roles of the probation service?
- get offenders to except responsibility and the sentence they were given
- inform offenders on rules to not breach
- supervise offenders who are serving their sentences in the community, including prisoners who have been released on license to serve part of their sentence outside prison
what are the relationships of the probation service?
- HM Prison service and the parole board - supervising prisoners who are released on licence
- the court - preparing pre-sentence reports on offenders who have been given a community sentence by the court
- the police - if an order is breached and oversee for up to 12 months all prisoners who have served a sentence of up to 2 years
- MAPPA - works with the police and prison service to assess service and manage the risk posed by violent and sexual offenders
what is the role of Victim Support?
- an independent charity dedicated to supporting victims of crime and traumatic incidents in England and Wales
- they provide specialist help to support people to cope and move on to the point where they feel they are back on track with their lives
what are the relationships of Victim Support?
police - to ensure victims receive immediate support after a crime and are referred to appropriate service
CPS - ensure victims are informed throughout
Local authorities - helps victims access housing, financial support and social services when needed
counseling and therapy services - they refer victims to recovery programs
what is the role of Women in Prison?
- a national charity that supports women affected by the criminal justice system and campaigns to end the harm caused to women, their families and our communities by imprisonment
what are the relationships of the Women in Prison?
- criminal justice agencies - works with the police, probation services and the courts to advocate for women’s needs, promote alternatives to imprisonment, and support women through the legal and judicial process
- mental health services - works with mental health professionals to address the high levels of mental health issues among incarcerated women
- rehabilitation - works with offenders in prison to help them not offend again
what are the roles of Howard League for Penal Reform?
- advocates for fewer people in prison, particularly those serving short sentences for non-violent crimes
- works to improve prison conditions ensuring dignity, safety and access to education, healthcare and rehabilitation services
what are the relationships of Howard League for Penal Reform?
criminal justice system - provides evidence based recommendation on sentencing, prison conditions, and youth justice system
government and public bodies - ministry of justice engages in consultations and policy discussion
community and support services - providing housing employment and reintegration support for ex-offenders
what are the roles of Unlock?
- campaigns for people facing stigmas, prejudice and discrimination because of their criminal record
- advocates for people with criminal records to be able to move on positively in their lives
