12 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What prevents spinal cord from getting pinched or stretched during vertebral movements?
Central position- epidural fat, CSF and meninges
What forms the main support for keeping the spinal cord centrally placed and away from intervertebral joints?
attachments of dural sheaths to the spinal roots
Resitricted epidural space leads to what?
stenosis- spinal cord and root compression
What is the most common cause of spinal stenosis?
disc herniation
what is arthritic degeneration of vertebrae that narrows inter ventricular foramina?
spondylosis—> spinal stenosis
exposure of high levels of fluorine or fluoride leads to in the spinal cord?
calcification of ligaments—>stenosis
5 pathologies that result in spinal stenosis?
disc herniation, spindylosis, tumors, dislocation, fluorosis
Where does herniation almost always occur in the disc?
posterior edge of disc facing the canal
Why does nucleus pulpous move towards inter ventricular foramina?
strong posterior longitudinal ligament
Why is back pain considered visceral pain?
inflammation—>nociceptors in disc and periosteum—>sympathetics
Most common disc herniations?
C6/7—affects sn 7
L4/L5—affects sn l5 below L5
L5/S1—affects sn s1
What supplies the dorsal columns with blood?
posterior spinal artery– also, posteromarginal nucleus, substantia delatinosa, and nucleus proprius
What type of occlusion of the spinal arteries leads to bilateral manifestations?
anterior spinal artery
A lesion on the outside of the spinal cord will effect which sacral levels first?
sacral levels– loss of pain/temperature will appear to ascend
A lesion within the spinal cord will affect what part of the body first?
upper limb, sacral sparing
Brown Sequard syndrome
describes motor and sensory signs resulting from unilateral hemisection
What type of syndrome is characterized by bilateral loss of pain and temp over limited area with sacral sparing and greater motor impairment in upper limbs?
central cord syndromes
What syndrome–destroys ventral white commisure, bilateral loss of pain and temp shoulder and lateral arm…cape like sensory loss?
syringomyelia
What is spared in anterior cord (spinal artery) syndrome?
2pt discrimination, vibration sense, kinesthesia
What is specifically effected in anterior cord syndrome in cervical region?
loss od CNXI function and paralysis of diaphragm
Posterior cord syndrome is indicated by?
loss of 2pt discrimination, vibration, kinesthesia and a positive Rhomberg
What syndrome—weakness of leg and foot, saddle anesthesia, temp, 2 point touch over s1-s5, loss of knee and ankle reflex, urinary retention, and no anal sphincter tone?
cauda equina syndrome
What syndrome– bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction occur early with UMN signs being more common than LMN?
Conus medullaris syndrome
What type of injury results in damage to bridging veins
subdural hematoma
