5 Flashcards
(29 cards)
2 major types of ischemic stroke?
arterial (much more common) and venous
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke?
intracerebral and subarachnoid
What is it called when there is a sudden onset of focal neuro deficit for less than 24 hours, no brain injury on imaging, 1 hour duration
transient ischemic attack
What are the 4 ischemic stroke subtypes?
atherothrombotic, cardioembolic, lacunar, other
each accounts for approximately 25%
What are the 4 risk risk factors for atherthrombotic stroke?
hypertension, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, and smoking
How is an antherothrombotic plaque prevented?
anti platelet drugs, statins, surgical measures
What percentage of patients who have had a stroke had a prior TIA?
10%—highest risk within a week, then month, then year
Where are the common locations for atherosclerosis in the brain arteries?
at the turns and branching points of the vascular system
most common brain arteries effected by a cardioembolic stroke?
MCA and PCA
What is the hallmark sign of a cardioembolic stroke?
affects multiple vascular territories in the brain
How do you prevent cardioembolic stroke?
anticoagulants
What is the most common cause of cardiembolism?
atrial fibrillation (50%)
What type of stroke is made from occlusion of small penetrating arteries producing small holes?
lacunar—-vessel wall is thickened (hyaline) due to hypertension and diabetes, associated with better prognosis
What can arise from recurrent lesions from ischemic stroke in the long run?
multi-infarct dementia
What areas does lacunar stroke typically effect?
putamen, caudate, thalamus, pons, internal capsule, basal ganglia
What type of cause of stroke is this? - clots formed at site of intimal flap may occlude and is more commonly seen in trauma and young adults
Arterial dissection
Can you lose almost 2 million neurons each minute after a stroke?
yes, every minute counts
Do acute infarcts show up a few days later or right away on MRI?
often a dew days later
Are there currently drugs on the market for neuroprotective behavior?
None of proven efficacy
Symptoms of an intracerebral hemorrhage?
headache prominent, nausea, vomiting, impaired consciousness
Are there types of arteriopathy hemorrhagic strokes?
yes–chronic hypertension, amyloid antipathy, vascular malformations
What are the 4 hemorrhagic stroke management strategies in order?
- stop bleeding (BP control)
- Manage brain edema
- Manage hydrocephalus
- Treatable Cause
Where are the most common locations for aneurysms?
branch points, may be multiple
Most common presentation of aneurysm?
sudden increase in ICP, Headache, decreased alertness
