12 Flashcards
(22 cards)
chronic myeloid leukaemia blood film presentation
looks like bone marrow has moved into blood
WBCs at all stages of differentiation present in the blood
define high risk neutropenia
<0.2x10^9
what happens in type 3 hypersensitivity
occurs when there is an excess of antigen, leading to small immune complexes being formed that fix complement and are not cleared from the circulation
describe type 2 hypersensitivity
antibody mediated process in which IgG and IgM antibodies are directed against antigens on cells
when is IgE produced in a hypersensitivity reaction
B cells produce it when costimulate with Il-4
types of type 1 hypersensitivity
- anaphylaxis
- atopy
- urticaria
- angioedema
- rhinitis
- eczema
- dermatitis
presentation polycythaemia vera
headaches itch vascular occlusion thrombosis TIA/ stroke splenomegaly
describe haemorrhagic disease of newborn
bleeding disorder of newborn occurring due to vit K deficiency
what happens in acute myeloid leukaemia
myeloid cells do not differentiate
bone marrow failure
rapidly fatal if untreated
indication for platelet transfusion
- thrombocytopenia
- massive haemorrhage
- bone marrow failure
- prophylaxis for surgery
- cardiopulmonary bypass
how long to transfuse platelets over
20-30 mins
what is meant by CMV negative blood
their blood has never been exposed to cytomegalovirus
hereditary spherocytosis
red blood cells are spheres rather than biconcave
management hypofibroginaemia
cryoprecipitate
presentation haemolytic disease of newborn
- SOB
- jaundice
- resp failure
- heart failure
- oedema
- anaemia
hydrops
condition that occurs when large amounts of fluid build up in a baby’s tissues and organs causing extreme swelling
function of immunofixation
identifies what class of paraprotein is present
describe chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
WBC cancer progresses over the years >60 abnormal cells are mature they resemble normal normal well behaved lymphocytes grow slowly
standard management ALL
- radio
- chemo
- methotrexate (CNS directed)
- steroids
- stem cell transplant
- blinatumumab
describe chronic organ tranplant rejeciton
months/ year
may be caused by recurrence of pre-existing autoimmune disease
when would you give a patient CMV negative stuff
pregnant
immunocompromised
neonates
macrocytic anaemia
large baggy cells
B12/ folate deficiency
