1.2 Digestion

Question 0

What is the role of the oesophagus?

Answer 0

Transportation

The muscular wall contracts in Perisystalsis and mucus is secreted

Question 1

What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

Answer 1

Chemical and physical digestions

Saliva glands release amylase

Question 2

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Answer 2

Produces bile for pH balance and filters toxins

Question 3

What is the role of the gallbladder?

Answer 3

To store bile

Question 4

What is the role of the pancreas?

Answer 4

To release pancreatic juices and enzymes

Question 5

What is the role of the stomach?

Answer 5

The muscular walls exclude enzymes the mucus protects the epithelium whilst hydrochloric acid destroys bacteria

Question 6

What is the role of the duodenum?

Answer 6

Bile and pancreatic juices join to neutralise the hydrochloric acid before chyme enters the small intestine

Question 7

What is the role of the small in testing?

Answer 7

This is where the absorption of soluble material occurs

Villi in the lining increases surface area

Question 8

What is the role of the large intestine ?

Answer 8

To absorb water and salts

Question 9

What is the monosaccharide?

Answer 9

A simple monomers sugar is the general formula (CH2O)n

Question 10

What is the test for sugar?

Answer 10

Benedicts reagent
2 cm³ liquid sample
2 cm³ of reagent
80°C water bath for five minutes

Question 11

What is the test for non-reducing sugar ?

Answer 11

2 cm³ liquid sample and 2 cm³ hydrochloric acid
80°C waterbath for three minutes
Add sodium hydrogen carbonate
2 cm³ reagent and and 80° waterbath for 5 mins

Question 12

What is it polysaccharide ?

Answer 12

Multiple joined monosaccharide
Cellulose
Starch

Question 13

What is the disaccharide?

Answer 13

Glucose + glucose = maltose
Glucose + fructose = sucrose
Galactose + glucose = lactose

Question 14

What is the test for starch?

Answer 14

And iodine drops to a sample

Question 15

What is lactose intolerance?

Answer 15

The inability to produce lactose leading to bacteria colonies on the lactose. Gas build is due to bacteria respiration. Diarrhoea due to negative water potential

Question 16

What is the bond that forms multiple chained saccharides?

Answer 16

It like glycosidic bond which produces water

Question 17

What is the protein ?

Answer 17

Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids have a variable group carboxy group and amino group

Question 18

What is the secondary structure of the protein ?

Answer 18

-C=O and NH+ groups form H bonds

The helix twists

Question 19

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 19

Disulphide bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds

Question 20

What is the quaternary structure of a proteins?

Answer 20

Addition of non protein groups

Haemaglobin

Question 21

What is the Test for proteins

Answer 21

Sample of solution and equal sodium hydroxide

Few drops of 0.05% CuSO4

Question 22

What is an enzyme?

Answer 22

They’re catalysts which reduce activation energy

Question 23

What is the lock and key model?

Answer 23

Only one substrate can only fit the active site as it is a unique and complementary. The active site is rigid.

Question 24

What is induced fit?

Answer 24

The active site can change slightly to fit perfecting - it hugs the substrate.

Question 25

What factors affect enzyme action?

Answer 25

All the products are formed
The substrate disappears
And the temperature is too high bonds break in the enzyme in the active site becomes denatured
PH changes and charges on the amino acids of the active site which breaks bonds

Question 26

What is imbibition?

Answer 26

Competitive have similar complimentary shape to the active site to create a complex preventing substrate from doing so
non-competitive find a site other than the active site so it alters the active site shape

Question 27

How do you calculate magnification?

Answer 27

Image/Actual size