1.6 Immunology And Blood Flashcards
What is an antigen?
Part of an organism that shows as ‘not self’ and triggers antibody production
What is phagocytosis?
Phagocyte attracted to pathogen by chemo attractants
Phagocyte and pathogen bind
Phagosome vessel forms around pathogen
Lysosomes release lyric enzymes into Phagosome to break down pathogen
What are T Lymphocytes?
Mature in Thymus
Phagocyte presents pathogenic antigens on surface
T receptors compliment certain antigens
Activates T cells to rapidly divide and clone
Produce enzyme which makes holes in pathogen so it becomes permeable
What are B cells?
Divide by mitosis to produce clone cells:
Plasma- secret antibodies, survive for days
Memory cell- live for decades, long term immunity
Surface antigens taken by B cells
Antigens presented
T helper cells attach and activate B cells
B cells clone and produce antibodies
What is antigenic variability?
To change antigen to create strains
What is an antibody?
Soluble so travels in plasma
4 poly peptide chains
Specific and complimentary to specific antigens
Binds like enzyme
What is monoclonal antibodies?
Produce antibodies outside of body
Mouse exposed to non self material
Antibodies produced and extracted
Hybridoma cancerous material and antibody fused and replaced into mouse
Cancer rapidly divides to produce many antibodies
What is a passive immunity?
Antibodies from an external source
What is active immunity?
Own immune system
What is a vaccine?
Introduction of a substance into the body surf the intention of stimulation active immunity against a particular Disease
What is a successful vaccination programme?
Economically viable Minimal side effects Hygienic and available Administered at appropriate time Vaccinate majority
Why are some diseases not eliminated?
May fail in certain individuals May develops disease before immune levels are high enough Antigenic variability Multiple strains Ethical and moral refusal
Why can’t we treat cholera?
Intestinal oral remedies are flushed out
Not easily reached by immune system
Antigenic variability
