1.5 Cardio

Question 1

Atrial Systole

Answer 1

Blood returns, Decreases pressure
Atria fill up
Forces atrioventricular valves open
Atrial wall contract- increases blood forced through

Question 2

Ventricular Systole

Answer 2

Ventricles fill up
Base muscles contract
Blood forced into aorta and pul artery
Semi lunar open
Atrioventricular close

Question 3

Diastole

Answer 3

Elastic recoil- heart original size

The atria fill restarting atrial systole

Question 4

What is cardiac output?

Answer 4

Heart Rate * Stroke Volume

Question 5

What is the cardiac cycle?

Answer 5

Myogenic
Sino- atrial node starts impulse which spreads across atria. The atria contract. Non conductive tissue at the AV Septum slows the impulse.
Wave passes through AV Node, causing it to start an impulse, Wave travels through bundle of His to base
Base of heart contracts from base up

Question 6

DISEASE: What is atheroma?

Answer 6

Fatty deposit in the vessels of cholesterol and dead muscle cells
Reduces lumen and blood flow

Question 7

DISEASE: Thrombosis?

Answer 7

Atheroma breaks though endothelial lining, leading to clots.

Tissue is starved of O2 as blood supply is prevented

Question 8

DISEASE: Aneurysm?

Answer 8

Atheroma weakens vessel wall

Swells at weakened points which may burst

Question 9

DISEASE: Myocardial Infarction?

Answer 9

Reduced supply of O2 to heart muscle
Blockage at aorta/coronary artery
stops blood supply- tissue death

Question 10

Risks of Heart Disease?

Answer 10

Smoking-Nicotine increases b.p &h.r CO binds to haemoglobin
Increased b.p- heart prone to failure
Cholesterol- LDL lead to atheroma
Diet- HDL remove cholesterol, Salt increases bp