1.2 Exercise Physiology (Diet and Nutrition and their effect on Physical Activity and Performance)

Question 1

Macronutrients

Answer 1

Protein, Carbohydrates, Fats and Water

Question 2

Micronutrients

Answer 2

Minerals and Vitamens

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

Sugars and starches stored in the body as glycogen and converted to glucose to fuel energy production

Question 4

Protein

Answer 4

Amino acids essential for the growth and repair of cells and tissues

Question 5

Enzyme

Answer 5

Biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions

Question 6

Fats

Answer 6

Triglycerides which provide the body with fatty acids for energy production

Question 7

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 7

A type of fat molecule typically solid at room temperature

Question 8

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 8

A type of fat molecule typically liquid at room temperature

Question 9

Vitamins and Mineral

Answer 9

Essential organic and inorganic nutrients required for healthy body function

Question 10

Energy

Answer 10

The ability to perform work (joules to calories)

Question 11

Energy expenditure

Answer 11

The sum of basal metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food and the energy expended through physical activity

Question 12

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 12

Minimum amount of energy required to sustain essential physiological function at rest

Question 13

Thermic effect of food (TEF)

Answer 13

The energy required to eat, digest, absorb and use food taken in

Question 14

Physical activity energy expenditure

Answer 14

The total number of calories required to perform daily tasks

Question 15

Metabolic equivalent (MET)

Answer 15

The ratio of a performer’s working metabolic rate to their resting metabolic rate

Question 16

Energy intake

Answer 16

The total amount of energy from food and beverages consumed and measured in joules or calories

Question 17

Energy balance

Answer 17

The relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure

Question 18

Ergogenic aid

Answer 18

A substance, object or method used to improve or enhance performance

Question 19

Pharmacological aids

Answer 19

A group of ergogenic aids taken to increase the levels of hormones or neural transmitters naturally produced by the body

Question 20

Anabolic steroids

Answer 20

A group of illegal synthetic hormones resembling testosterone to promote protein synthesis for muscle growth, recovery and repair

Question 21

Recombinant erythropoietin (RhEPO)

Answer 21

Illegal synthetic product copying natural erythropoietin hormone responsible for red blood cell production

Question 22

Hyper-viscosity

Answer 22

Excessively thickened blood with high resistance to flow

Question 23

Human growth hormone (HGH)

Answer 23

Illegal synthetic product copying natural growth hormone to increase protein synthesis for muscle growth, recovery and repair

Question 24

Physiological aids

Answer 24

A group of ergogenic aids used to increase the rate of adaptation by the body to increase performance, including blood doping, intermittent hypoxic training and cooling aids

Question 25

Blood doping

Answer 25

An illegal method of increasing red blood cell content by infusing blood prior to competition

Question 26

Intermittent hypoxic training (IHT)

Answer 26

Interval training with work intervals performed under hypoxic conditions

Question 27

Hypoxia

Answer 27

A condition where the body is subjected to an inadequate oxygen supply to maintain normal function

Question 28

Buffering capacity

Answer 28

The ability to resist changes in pH

Question 29

Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)

Answer 29

The point where there is a dramatic rise in blood lactate levels causing the onset of fatigue

Question 30

Cooling aids

Answer 30

A range of products, to reduce core temperature, treat injury and speed up injury

Question 31

Thermal strain

Answer 31

Additional pressure placed on the body by an increase in temperature that can cause short and long term negative effects

Question 32

Cardiovascular drift

Answer 32

Upward drift of heart rate during sustained steady-state activity associated with an increase in body temperature

Question 33

Glycaemic index (GI)

Answer 33

A rain scale showing how quickly a carbohydrate affects blood glucose levels

Question 34

Hypoglycaemia

Answer 34

Low blood glucose levels associated with dizziness, shaking and raised heart rate

Question 35

Glycogen/Carbohydrate loading

Answer 35

The manipulation of carbohydrate intake in the week before competition to maximise stores of glycogen

Question 36

Electrolytes

Answer 36

Salts and minerals, such as sodium and potassium, that conduct electrical impulses

Question 37

Creatine supplementation

Answer 37

Consumption of creatine monohydrate to increase stores of PC to increase intensity and duration of performance

Question 38

Caffeine

Answer 38

A stimulant used to heighten the central nervous system and mobilise fats to prolong aerobic energy production

Question 39

Bicarbonate

Answer 39

An alkaline which acts as a buffer to neutralise the rise in lactic acid associated with intense anaerobic activity

Question 40

Nitrates

Answer 40

Inorganic compounds which dilate blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow to the muscles