12. Influenza+URTI Flashcards
(19 cards)
Which influenza has bird as source of virus
A- avian. Gives rise to seasonal flu, peaks during winter
Incubation time of vInfluenza
1-4 days
How to dx Influenza
PCR mainstay of diagnosis
Can use ag detecgtion - LFD
Taken from resp samples- throat swab, sputum, BAL etc.
Mx of influenza
Neuraminidase inhibitors - zanamivir and oseltamivir
Vaccines
Main causes of URTIS and sx
Usually viral in origin- rhinovirus ( esp in autumn and spring) , coronavirus and adenovirus (conjunctivitis and pharyngitis, resp sx), influenza- seasonal outbreaks esp in winter
Sore throat, cough and fever
Bacterial causes of URTI
Strep pyogenes
Common viral URTI sx
nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, sore throat, headache, cough, tiredness and general malaise. Other symptoms include facial pain, earache, hoarseness and nausea.
Signs of viral URTI
Erythema or injection of the back of the throat
Nasal discharge
may have Tender cervical lymphadenopathy
Mild fever
How to diff between viral and bacterial URTI
CENTOR
Age- 3-14 yo
Exudate or swelling on tonsils
Tender/swollen anterior cervical lymph nodes
Temp >38
Cough ABSENT
Complications of viral URTI
Sinusitis
Otitis media
Secondary bacterial infection e.g. pneumonia
Exacerbations of pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, or COPD
Viral wheeze, bronchiolitis and croup in infants and young children`
Mx of viral URTI
Usually just supportive
MERS fx
Severe ARTI, fever, SOB , cough, pneumonia, diarrhoea
MERS is linked to?
Camels and bats, Middle East countries
Fx of COVID
Fever or chills, new cough, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, lost of taste or smell, SOB, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, N+V, diarrhoea
Sx of long COVID
Extreme fatigue, brain frog, insomnia, dizziness, depression and anxiety, rashes, xhest pain, palpitations, pins and needles
Mx of COVID
Antiviral - nitrelmevir, ritonavir, remdesvir, Molnupiravir
Can give dexamethasone to pts with an O2 requirement
What is Croup and what sx are cmmon
Barking cough, more common in autumn, may be worse at night and may have stridor, coryzal sx, increased work of breathing, may have sternal/intercostal recession if severe
Mx of croup
Single dose of oral dexamethason or predni if not available
Give high flow oxygen if severe and nebulised adrenaline
