16. Infective Diarrhoea

Question 1

What does short incubation time of less than 6 hrs mean

Answer 1

S.aureus or B.cereus - TOXINS

Question 2

What does incubation time of 6-24 hrs mean

Answer 2

C.perfringes and B.cereus toxins

Question 3

What does incubation time of 16-72 hrs mean

Answer 3

Norovirus, enterotoxigenic E coli, Vibrio, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, cryptosporidium

Question 4

What is more lijely in immunocompromised and pregnant women

Answer 4

Listeria

Question 5

Dx fo diarrhoea

Answer 5

Usually stool sample

Question 6

Most common viral cause of GE and sx

Answer 6

Norovirus, will cause acute vomiting
Seasonal predominance in winter, can cause outbreak

Question 7

Dx of norovirus

Answer 7

PCR in vomit

Question 8

What bacteria cause vomiting and what kind of diarrhoea do they cause. what other sx

Answer 8

Bc and SA- toxins
Acute watery diarrhoea
May have anorexia or volmiting, tiredness and low grade fever

Question 9

which viral ge is mainly in young children

Answer 9

rota

Question 10

Which org causes sudden vomiting followed by diarrhoea later

Answer 10

BC

Question 11

What org is related to contaminated meat and sauce and what other sx

Answer 11

C perfingens, abd cramps

Question 12

Pt returns from tropics, watery diarrhoea with abd cramps

Answer 12

ETEC

Question 13

How does vibrio cholerae cuase diarrhoea

Answer 13

Toxin mediated disease, increases cAMP to block absorption of NaCl on SI

Question 14

What is cholera related to

Answer 14

Contaiminated water, undercooled shellfish

Question 15

Tx of cholera

Answer 15

Rehydration

Question 16

What protozoa can cause acute watery diarrhoea and how

Answer 16

Cryptosporodium, occurs through exposure to infected ppl or animals- contact with lambs and calves, contaminated water eg. swimming pool

Question 17

Common groups to get crypto

Answer 17

Children or student vets

Question 18

What can cause chronic diarrhoea

Answer 18

Giarda, crypto, cyclospora beli

Question 19

Causes of traveller’s diarrhoea

Answer 19

ETEC, campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, vibrio

Question 20

What are signs of dysentery

Answer 20

Frequent small stools accompanied by blood, mucus, pain and tenesmus

Question 21

what orgs cause dysentry

Answer 21

Campylobacter,
invasive EC
Salmonella/typhoid fever
Entamoeba histolyca

Question 22

undercooked poultry, bbq, what org and what sc

Answer 22

campylobacter, incubate 1-3 days
bloody stool, cramps and fever

Question 23

Complications of campylobacter

Answer 23

GBS and bacteremia

Question 24

Is campylobacter notifiable to PH

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Does salmonella cause vomitting

Answer 25

Ye

Question 26

How to dx salmonella

Answer 26

Blood cultures and stool smaple

Question 27

Abx for salmonella

Answer 27

Ceftriaxone

Question 28

Px of typhoidal salmonella

Answer 28

Fever and constipation

Question 29

What can STEC cause and how to dx

Answer 29

HUS Culture or PCR for stool, serology on clotted blood

Question 30

Px of STEC

Answer 30

Acute abd pain, fever pallor, PETECHIAE Oliguria if severe

Question 31

Mx of STEC

Answer 31

Oral fluids NO ABx Blood tests- FBC, blood film for haemolysis, etc. STOOL SAMPLE

Question 32

Px of shigella and who usually presents

Answer 32

Fever, vomitting and abd pain Travellers from India/Pakistan

Question 33

Tx of Shigella

Answer 33

Ceftriaxone or cipro

Question 34

Who commonly gets amoebiasis

Answer 34

MSM, returning travellers from the Tropics in UK

Question 35

Amoebiasis Sx

Answer 35

Asx, but may have loose stool and abd cramps or bloody stools (colitis)

Question 36

How to dx ameobiasis

Answer 36

Stool samples for ova cysts and parasites, PCR

Question 37

Tx of amoebiasis

Answer 37

Metronidazole, paronomycin

Question 38

Extraintestinal manifestation of amoebiasis and tx

Answer 38

Liver abscesses Fever, abd pain and pleuritic pain Usually right lobe tx- drainage, high dose metro

Question 39

Sx of giardiasis

Answer 39

Asx, may have abd pain, diarrhoea Lactose malabsorption

Question 40

Giarda dx

Answer 40

Exam of stools- Ova cysts for parasites PCR

Question 41

Treatment of Giardasis

Answer 41

Albendazole

Question 42

Treatment of cryptosporidium

Answer 42

Rehydration and nitazoxanide