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COMPUTING GCSE PAPER 1 OCR J277 > 1.2:MEMORY AND STORAGE PWH > Flashcards

1.2:MEMORY AND STORAGE PWH Flashcards

1
Q

What is a synonym for memory?

A

Storage

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2
Q

What are the three categories of memory?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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3
Q

What is contained in the primary storage?

A

Cache
Registers
ROM
RAM

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4
Q

Where is the primary storage located?

A

Close to the CPU

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of RAM?

A

Fast access
Volatile
Contains current programs and instructions
Link between the CPU and hard drive

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of ROM?

A

Non volatile
Contains essential commands
Contains POST and BIOS

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7
Q

What is virtual memory?

A

The use of secondary storage as memory when the RAM is full

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8
Q

What is a disadvantage of virtual memory?

A

It is much slower than other types of memory
The capacity is set by the operating system is around 1-2GB

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9
Q

What are the three types of secondary storage?

A

Magnetic
Solid state
Optical

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10
Q

Which examples of secondary storage can be used in magnetic storage

A

HDD
Tape

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11
Q

Which examples of secondary storage can be used in solid state storage

A

SSD
Flash Drive
SD card
USB

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12
Q

Which examples of secondary storage can be used in optical storage

A

CD
DVD
Blu-ray

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13
Q

What are the 6 dimensions to compare storage?

A

Cost (£/Gb)
Capacity
Portability
Speed (Gb or Mb/s)
Durability (Read/write)
Resiliency (Sturdy)

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14
Q

What are tracks?

A

The name of the concentric circles on the HDD

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15
Q

How does magnetic storage read and write data?

A

Disk heads mounted on mechanical arms

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16
Q

How are the 1s and os stored in magnetic storage?

A

polarities

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17
Q

What are the pros of magnetic storage?

A

Cheap
Large storage capacity
Fast access speeds

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18
Q

What are the cons of magnetic storage?

A

Not robust
Life span of 4-5 years
Slower than others

18
Q

What are the cons of magnetic storage?

A

Not robust
Life span of 4-5 years
Slower than others

19
Q

How is the data stored in optical storage?

A

In binary in a spiral from the middle out
Grooves (0)

20
Q

What are the 4 layers of a CD?

A

Label
Acrylic
Aluminium
Plastic

21
Q

Which layer does the laser reflect off?

A

The aluminium layer

22
Q

Where does the laser hit if it if is a 1

A

The sensor

23
Q

What are the pros of optical storage?

A

Cheap
Portable
Easy to produce

24
Q

What are the cons of optical storage?

A

Less storage
Slow write
Easily damaged

25
Q

Non volatile can also be called?

A

Persistent

26
Q

How does solid state storage read and write data?

A

Trapping electrons

27
Q

What are the pros of solid state storage?

A

Fast access
Robust-no moving storage
Portable-physically small

28
Q

What are the cons of solid state storage?

A

Expensive
Limited read/write

29
Q

what is metadata?

A

data about data

the data stored in a file alongside the actual files data identifies stuff like:
the type of image,
when it was created,
who it was created by,
the image dimensions,
the colour depth

30
Q

what is lossy compression?

A

permanently removes some data

used for sound (some sounds can’t be heard
used for images (removes tiny details like colour differences)

31
Q

what is lossless compression?

A

eliminates redundant information without losing quality
the algorithm finds groups of repeating data and records the data once along with the number of repetitions

RUNLENGTH ENCODING

32
Q

what are the benefits of compression?

A

smaller files = fewer packets = faster transmission time

the stream will decompress when playing

reduces download times-^
makes streaming possible
images in websites appear faster

reduces space on disk/server

33
Q

What does a binary shift to the right do?

A

Divide a number by 2

34
Q

How many bits does ASCII use

A

7

35
Q

How many bits does extended ascii use

A

8

36
Q

How many bits does unicode use per character?

A

161

37
Q

what is bit depth

A

the number of bits per pixel

38
Q

how is resolution measured

A

dots per inch DPI

39
Q

how is resolution calculated?

A

the number of pixels in an area (wxh)

40
Q

what is colour depth

A

the number of bits available to show the colour of each pixel

41
Q

how many colours can you fit in 5 bits

A

32 (2^5)h

42
Q

how do you calculate the bits used

A

no. of pixels x colour depth

43
Q

how do you calculate file size

A

sample rate x bit depth x duration

COMPUTING GCSE PAPER 1 OCR J277 (8 decks)

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