12. Nervous System III (PNS-Histology) Flashcards
(188 cards)
1
Q
4 sensory branches of CN V3
A
Long buccal nerve
Lingual nerve
IAN - mental/incisive nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
2
Q
4 motor branches of CN V3
A
TIME muscles
3
Q
4 other muscles that is innervated by CN V3
A
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
Mylohyoid
Ant belly of digastric
4
Q
Innervates the buccal mucosa of Mandibular molars
A
Long buccal nerve
5
Q
Anterior 2/3 of tongue (general)
A
Lingual nerve
6
Q
Anterior 2/3 of tongue (TASTE)
A
Chorda tympani of Facial nerve (CN VII)
7
Q
Posterior 1/3 of tongue (general and taste)
A
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
8
Q
Base of tongue (general and taste)
A
CN X - Vagus nerve
9
Q
Terminal branch of IAN
A
Mental nerve (go for this in boards)
*Incisive nerve
10
Q
Innervates the lower anterior teeth
A
Incisive nerve
11
Q
Exit of nasopalatine nerve or “Nerve of Scarpa”
A
Incisive foramen
12
Q
Innervates the TMJ and SCALP
A
Auriculotemporal nerve
13
Q
Syndrome associated with STURGE-WEBER SYNDROME
Path of CN V - BIRTHMARK
A
Portwine Stain
14
Q
Other name for Sturge-Weber Syndrome
A
Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis
15
Q
Other name for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
A
Rendu-Weber-Osler Disease
16
Q
is a rare congenital neurological and skin disorder. It is one of the phakomatoses and is often associated with port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, mental retardation, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma
A
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis
17
Q
Foramen of exit of Abducens nerve (CN VI)
A
SOF
18
Q
What muscle is innervated by CN VI
A
Lateral rectus of the eye
19
Q
Foramen of exit of Facial nerve
A
Stylomastoid foramen
20
Q
Control scalp muscles around ear
A
Auricular nerve (Facial nerve)
21
Q
Innervates the Posterior belly of Digastric
A
Facial nerve
22
Q
5 major branches in Parotid Gland (Facial nerve)
A
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical
23
Q
What innervates the Parotid gland
A
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve
24
Q
Parasympathetic innervation of Facial nerve (Chorda tympani)
A
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
25
3 other names for CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Acoustic nerve
Auditory nerve
26
Foramen of exit of CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve
Internal acoustic meatus
27
Nerve for sense of HEARING
Vestibulocochlear nerve
28
3 Parts of the outer ear
Auricle
Ear canal
Tympanic membrane / Eardrum
29
Examples of Elastic Cartilages
Pinna / Auricle
Epiglottis
Eustachian tube
30
What is found in the Middle ear
```
Auditory Ossicles (HAS - MIS)
Eustachian tube
```
31
What structures are found in the inner ear
Cochlea
| Semicircular canals
32
Receptor ORGAN for Hearing
Organ of corti
33
Sensory receptors for hearing
Hair cells (HAIR-ing)
34
Contains semicircular fluids for balance
Semicircular canals
35
Foramen of exit of CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve
Jugular foramen
36
Nerves that exits in the JUGULAR FORAMEN
IX - glossopharyngeal
X - vagus
XI - spinal accessory nerve
37
Parasympathetic innervation of Glossopharyngeal nerve
Parotid gland
38
General and taste sensation of Posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
39
Nerves involved in the Pharyngeal plexus
IX
X
XI
40
Innervates all muscles of Palate and Pharynx
Pharyngeal plexus
41
2 Exceptions of Pharyngeal plexus
Tensor veli palatini (V3)
| Stylopharyngeus (IX)
42
Innervates the superior pharyngeal constrictor
Pharyngeal plexus
43
Foramen of exit of CN X - Vagus nerve
Jugular foramen
44
Vagus nerve has parasympathetic innervation of what organs
```
Heart
Lungs
Digestive tract - stomach, intestines
Kidney
Liver
```
45
If you cut the vagus nerve = What happens to the Heart’s function
Increase Force of contraction and
| Heart rate
46
Parasympathetic innervation of vagus nerve to Heart =
Decrease force of contraction and heart rate
| So pag cinut yung vagus = bibilis na
47
Once you cut the vagus nerve = Digestive tract =
Slow or decreased digestion
| Kasi parasympathetic func sa stomach is Increased digestion = rest and digest
48
Gag reflex - MOTOR
Vagus nerve - CN X
49
Gag reflex - SENSORY
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
50
Base of the tongue: general and taste sensation
Vagus nerve
51
The nerve that ENTERS and EXITS the skull
Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)
52
Where does the CN XI enter?
Foramen magnum
53
Where does the CN XI exit?
Jugular foramen
54
Muscles that are innervated by CN XI
Trapezius
| Sternocleidomastoid
55
Dse assoc with sternocleidomastoid
Wry neck or torticollis
56
Sternocleidomastoid rotates chin towards what side
Opposite side of the body
57
Foramen of exit of Hypoglossal nerve (sosyal to)
Hypoglossal canal (sosyal may sariling canal)
58
Innervates extrinsic muscles of tongue except PALATOGLOSSUS(PP)
Hypoglossal nerve
59
Extrinsic muscles innervated by Hypoglossal nerve
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
60
Palatoglossus is innervated by
Pharyngeal plexus (IX X XI)
61
Moves tongue inf and ant
Genioglossus
62
Moves tongue inf
Hyoglossus
63
Moves tongue sup and post
Styloglossus
64
Moves tongue sup towards palate and moves palate inf towards tongue
Palatoglossus
65
Longest intracranial nerve
Trochlear nerve CN IV
66
Largest nerve supplying HEAD and NECK
Trigeminal nerve CN V
67
What is neuralgia in CN V (Trigeminal)
TIC DOULOUREUX
68
Doc for Tic douloureux or Trigeminal neuralgia
Tegretol
69
Largest cranial nerve supplying the HUMAN BODY
CN X - vagus nerve
70
Largest nerve in the human body?
Sciatic nerve
71
What is the wandering nerve
CN X - Vagus nerve
72
What innervates the Parotid gland
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve
73
What innervates the Submandibular and Sublingual glands?
CN VII - Chorda tympani
74
What cranial nerve associated with Chorda Tympani?
CN VII - Facial nerve
75
What is the cranial nerve that enters and exits the skull?
CN XI - Spinal accessory nerve
76
What cranial nerves form the Pharyngeal plexus?
CN IX X XI
77
What cranial nerves with Parasympathetic innervation?
Parasympathetic:
III - Pupil: Miosis = Pupillary constriction
VII - Subli/Submn = Increase saliva secretion
IX - Parotid = Inc saliva
X - Heart = Dec rate /// GIT = Inc metabolism
78
What are the VIT K dependent clotting factors produced by the liver?
II* - prothrombin
VII - Stable factor
IX - christmas factor
X - Stuart factor
79
CF I
Fibrinogen
80
CF II
Prothrombin
81
CF III
Thromboplastin (Tissue factor)
82
CF IV
Calcium
83
CF V
Labile factor
84
CF VI
Not yet approved**
85
CF VII
Stable factor
86
CF VIII
Antihemophilic factor
87
CF X
Stuart factor
88
CF XI
Plasma-Thromboplastin Antecedent
89
CF XII
Hagemann factor
90
CF XIII
Fibrin stabilizing factor
91
Clotting factor deficient in Hemophilia A
CF VIII - Antihemophilic factor
| 8 - A - Anti
92
Deficient in Hemophilia B
CF IX - Christmas factor
93
Deficient in Hemophilia C
CF XI - Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
94
Most important clotting factor
CF VIII - Antihemophilic factor
95
Clotting time
8 to 15 minutes
96
Bleeding time
1 to 3 mins
97
Bleeding is possible to stop even without blood clot because of
Platelet plug
98
2 components of blood clot
Platelets
| Fibrin
99
Meshlike structure
Fibrin
100
Electrolyte important for blot clotting
Calcium
101
2 pathways in Coagulation cascade
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways
102
Pathway wherein body is capable of forming blood clot without exposure to external environment
Intrinsic pathway
103
Pathway in formation of blood clot wherein body is exposed to external environment
Extrinsic pathway
104
Common factor of INTRINSIC and EXTRINSIC pathway
CF X / Stuart factor
105
What are attached to CF X
Calcium
CF V - Labile factor
(“CaVX”)
106
Precursor of fibrin
Fibrinogen
107
Best to form blot clot: For clotting factors to meet
Pressure pack
108
CaVX waits for ____
Prothrombin (II)
109
Converts Prothrombin to Thrombin
Ca V X
110
Precursor of Thrombin
Prothrombin (II)
111
Liver produces what clotting factor that is also the precursor of fibrin
Fibrinogen (I)
112
Thrombin waits for what clotting factor to produce FIBRIN (XIII)
CF I - Fibrinogen
113
In hemophilia: problem?
Clotting time =
Bleeding time =
Clotting time increased!
| Normal bleeding time
114
Lab test that measures how fast can the EXTRINSIC pathway activate Factor X (Stuart factor)
Prothrombin Time
| “PeT”
115
Normal PT (Prothrombin time)
PT = 9 to 13s
116
Lab test that measures how fast can INTRINSIC pathway activate Factor X
Partial prothrombin time (“PTiT”)
117
Normal PTT (Partial thromboplastin time)
PTT = 25 to 35s
(Basahin PTiT pabaligtad twice)
Twen Ty Pave / To Thirty Pave
118
```
Beq: Normal PT
5-7
10-20
20-30
40^
```
10-20s (closest to 9-13s)
119
Normal Bleeding time
1-3s
| *boards = 2-3s*
120
Normal platelet count
150,000-450,000 cells/mL
121
Normal RBC count
5M cells/ml
122
Life span of platelets
10 days
123
Most numerous papillae
Filiform
124
Only papillae without taste buds
Filiform
125
Mushroom or fungus shape
| TIPS and SIDES of tongue
Fungiform
126
Found posterolaterally of tongue
Foliate
127
Found in V shape sulcus of tongue
Largest
Least numerous papillae
Circumvallate
128
Functional unit of brain
Neuron
129
3 parts of neuron
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
130
Cell body is aka (2)
Perikaryon / SOMA
131
Wear and tear pigment
| Yellowish granules found in Aging cells
Lipofuschin / Lipochrome
132
What are the clusters of RER that looks granules in light microscope?
Nissl body
133
Receives the information and brings it TOWARDS the cell body
Dendrites
134
Propagates nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body
Axon
135
Joins(lock) axon to cell body
Axon hillock
136
Plasma membrane of axons
Axolemma
137
Outer covering sheath of myelinated axons
Neurolemma
138
Side(lateral) branches of axon
Axon collaterals
139
Benign tumor of Schwann cells (myelin)
Schwannoma or Neurilemmoma
140
Disease with Neurilemmoma, Cafe au lait, Crowe’s freckles in the axilla, Lisch nodules in the iris
Neurofibromatosis type I
141
Other name for Neurofibromatosis type I
Von recklinghausen’s disease of the skin
142
Neurofibromatosis Type I
| 4 Features:
Neurilemmoma
Cafe au lait spots
Crowe’s freckles
Lisch nodules
143
What is the point from which nerve impulses arise?
Trigger zone
144
What is the site of communication of two neurons or between neurons and effector cells?
Synapse
145
What part of the brain can you find the specialized neurons called PURKINJE cells?
Cerebellum
146
What part of the brain can you find the specialized neurons called PYRAMIDAL cells?
Cerebrum (ant 📐)
147
“Afferent” ; Towards CNS
Sensory neurons
148
“Efferent” ; Away from CNS to effectors or muscles/glands
Motor neurons
149
“Association” ; connect afferent and efferent neurons
Interneurons
150
Supporting cells of the nervous system
Neuroglia
151
Glial cells are derived from
Neural crest cells
152
2 cells derived from the neural crest cells
Glial cells
| Melanocytes
153
Star shaped CNS neuroglia
Astrocytes
154
Largest and most numerous CNS Neuroglia
| Found near Blood vessels
Astrocytes
155
Cns neuroglia that forms the BLOOD BRAIN BARRIES
Astrocytes
156
CNS neuroglia that Forms the myelin sheath in CNS
Oligodendrocytes
157
Macrophage of the brain
Microglia
158
Cells lining the VENTRICLES of the brain
Ependymal cells
159
CNS neuroglia that produces CSF
Ependymal cells
160
Forms the BLOOD-CSF BARRIER
Ependymal cells
161
Cells that forms the BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER
Sertoli cells
162
Group of Ependymal cells are called?
Choroid Plexus
163
Part of brain which produces CSF are called?
Ventricles*
164
CSF came from: (3 possible sa beq)****
Ependymal cells
Choroid plexus
Ventricles
165
What structures reabsorbs CSF?
Arachnoid villi
166
What is the function of CSF?
Cushion
Shock absorber
Protects brain
167
What are the GAPS between myelin sheath?
Nodes of ranvier
168
What tyoe pf nerve conduction is seen in MYELINATED axons
Saltatory conduction (Leaping=faster)
169
Type of conduction in UNMYELINATED axons
Continuous conduction
170
Largest ventricle of the brain
Lateral ventricle
171
What Le fort is most common to produce CSF Rhinorrhea?
Le fort II (sa boards*)
172
Forms the myelin sheath in PNS
Schwann cells
173
Participates in AXON REGENERATION
Schwann cells
174
Other names for Le fort I (3)
Transverse MAXILLARY fracture
Horizontal fracture of Maxilla
Guerin’s fracture
175
TRANSVERSE fracture
Le fort III
176
Pyramidal fracture
Le fort II
177
During development of embyo optic placodes that forms the eyes are on the lateral sides : Do eyes migrate to the center?
No: There’s Enlargement of Forebrain
178
Treatment for Skeletal class II patients
Le fort I
179
Treatment for Crouzon’s syndrome or Craniofacial dysostosis 🐸
Intentional LE FORT III
180
Frog face
Crouzon’s syndrome or craniofacial dysostosis
181
2 presentations of Le fort III
Racoon eyes / Panda eyes 🐼
| Battle’s sign (Mastoid ecchymosis)
182
Mastoid ecchymosis
Battle’s sign in Le fort III
183
Diff dx of Le fort III fracture ; presented with racoon eyes and battle’s sign also
Basilar fracture
184
Fracture of cranial base
Basilar fracture
185
CSF Pathway Mneumonic
| “Little Infant Try Crying For Food Sorry”
Lateral ventricle > Interventricular foramen > Third ventricle > Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius > Fourth Ventricle
Fourth ventricle > Foramen of Magendie (midline) > Subarachnoid space
Fourth ventricle > Foramen of Luschka > Subarachnoid space
186
Temporary storage site of CSF
Subarachnoid space
187
What foramen when fourth ventricle passes the midline
Foramen of Magendie
188
Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle
Foramen of Luschka
