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NR-NUR121 | Mother and Child Nursing (MCN) > [12] PRELIMS | COMMON DISCOMFORTS OF PREGNANCY > Flashcards

[12] PRELIMS | COMMON DISCOMFORTS OF PREGNANCY Flashcards

1
Q
  • Increased levels of HCG
  • Changes in carbohydrate metabolism
  • Emotional factors
  • Fatigue
A

NAUSEA & VOMITING

FIRST TRIMESTER

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2
Q

NAUSEA & VOMITING - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Increased levels of ____
  • Changes in ____
  • ____ factors
  • ____
A
  • Increased levels of HCG
  • Changes in carbohydrate metabolism
  • Emotional factors
  • Fatigue
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3
Q

NAUSEA & VOMITING - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Avoid ____ or ____ factors. Eat ____ or ____ before arising in morning
  • If extremely nauseated, try ____
  • Have ____ meals.
  • ____ throughout the day
  • Avoid ____ food
A
  • Avoid odors or causative factors. Eat dry crackers or toast before arising in morning
  • If extremely nauseated, try BRAT diet
  • Have small but frequent meals.
  • Sips of fluids throughout the day
  • Avoid spicy, fried, greasy foods or highly seasoned food
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4
Q

Pressure of uterus on bladder in both first & third Trimesters

A

URINARY FREQUENCY

FIRST TRIMESTER

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5
Q

URINARY FREQUENCY - FIRST TRIMESTER

Pressure of uterus on bladder in both ____

A

Pressure of uterus on bladder in both first & third Trimesters

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6
Q

URINARY FREQUENCY - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Void when ____
  • ____ fluid intake during the day
  • ____ fluid intake only in the evening to ____
  • Don’t wear ____.
  • Encouraged to ____
  • Reduce the amount of ____
A
  • Void when urge is felt
  • Increase fluid intake during the day
  • Decrease fluid intake only in the evening to decrease nocturia
  • Don’t wear tight-fitting underwear, pants, or pantyhose.
  • Encouraged to empty her bladder frequently
  • Reduce the amount of caffeine
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7
Q
  • Specific causative factors unknown
  • Hormonal changes – progesterone
  • May be aggravated by nocturia due to urinary frequency
  • Increased metabolic rate
A

FATIGUE

FIRST TRIMESTER

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8
Q

FATIGUE - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Specific causative factors ____
  • Hormonal changes – ____
  • May be aggravated by ____
  • Increased ____
A
  • Specific causative factors unknown
  • Hormonal changes – progesterone
  • May be aggravated by nocturia due to urinary frequency
  • Increased metabolic rate
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9
Q

FATIGUE - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Plan time for ____ daily
  • Go to bed ____.
  • Seek ____ so that more time is available to rest
  • ____ daily boosts your energy level
A
  • Plan time for a nap or rest period daily
  • Go to bed earlier.
  • Seek family support & assistance with responsibilities so that more time is available to rest
  • Moderate exercise daily boosts your energy level
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10
Q

Increased levels of estrogen & progesterone

A

BREAST TENDERNESS

FIRST TRIMESTER

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11
Q

BREAST TENDERNESS - FIRST TRIMESTER

Increased levels of ____

A

Increased levels of estrogen & progesterone

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12
Q

BREAST TENDERNESS - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Wear ____ bra.
  • Try wearing a bra during ____.
  • Use ____ or ____
  • Wash your breasts with ____ that will not cause dryness.
A
  • Wear well-fitting, supportive bra.
  • Try wearing a bra during the night.
  • Use gauze pads or nursing pads
  • Wash your breasts with warm water and mild soap that will not cause dryness.
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13
Q

Hyperplasia of vaginal mucosa & increased production of mucus by the endocervical glands due to increase in estrogen levels

A

INCREASED VAGINAL DISCHARGE (LEUKORRHEA)

FIRST TRIMESTER

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14
Q

INCREASED VAGINAL DISCHARGE (LEUKORRHEA) - FIRST TRIMESTER

____ & increased production of ____ by the endocervical glands due to increase in ____ levels

A

Hyperplasia of vaginal mucosa & increased production of mucus by the endocervical glands due to increase in estrogen levels

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15
Q

INCREASED VAGINAL DISCHARGE (LEUKORRHEA) - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Promote ____ by ____.
  • Avoid ____.
  • Wearing ____ are more absorbent.
  • Clean the ____ often with soap and water.
  • Wipe yourself from ____.
  • Wear a ____ to control the discharge do not to use ____
A
  • Promote cleanliness by daily bathing.
  • Avoid douching.
  • Wearing cotton underpants are more absorbent.
  • Clean the vaginal area often with soap and water.
  • Wipe yourself from front to back.
  • Wear a perineal pad to control the discharge do not to use tampons
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16
Q

Elevated estrogen levels

A

NASAL STUFFINESS AND NOSEBLEED (EPISTAXIS)

FIRST TRIMESTER

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17
Q

NASAL STUFFINESS AND NOSEBLEED (EPISTAXIS) - FIRST TRIMESTER

Elevated ____ levels

A

Elevated estrogen levels

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18
Q

NASAL STUFFINESS AND NOSEBLEED (EPISTAXIS) - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Apply a ____ to your ____ to reduce congestion.
  • Avoid using ____.
  • ____
  • ____ while sleeping
  • Use a ____ to add ____ to the air.
  • Take a ____.
A
  • Apply a warm, wet washcloth to your cheeks,eyes, and nose to reduce congestion.
  • Avoid using nasal sprays.
  • Drink plenty of fluids
  • Elevate your head with an extra pillow while sleeping
  • Use a humidifier or vaporizer to add moisture to the air.
  • Take a warm shower or bath.
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19
Q

Increased estrogen levels

A

PALMAR ERYTHEMA

FIRST TRIMESTER

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20
Q

PALMAR ERYTHEMA - FIRST TRIMESTER

Increased ____ levels

A

Increased estrogen levels

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21
Q

PALMAR ERYTHEMA - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • ____ lotion can be soothing
A
  • Calamine lotion can be soothing
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22
Q

Specific causative factors unknown

A

PTYALISM (EXCESSIVE OFTEN BITTER SALIVATION)

FIRST TRIMESTER

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23
Q

PTYALISM (EXCESSIVE OFTEN BITTER SALIVATION) - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Use ____ mouthwashes, chew ____ or suck ____
A
  • Use astringent mouthwashes, chew gum or suck hard candy
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24
Q

Pressure of uterus on the inferior vena cava, impairing blood return to the heart

A

HYPOTENSION

FIRST TRIMESTER

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25
# HYPOTENSION - FIRST TRIMESTER Pressure of uterus on the ____, impairing ____ to the heart
Pressure of uterus on the **inferior vena cava**, impairing **blood return** to the heart
26
# HYPOTENSION - FIRST TRIMESTER * Sleep on their ____. * If they can only fall asleep on their ____, they should insert a ____ under their ____ hip * ____ and avoiding extended periods of ____ * If a woman should feel ____, sitting with her head  
* Sleep on their **side not their back**. * If they can only fall asleep on their **back**, they should insert a **small firm pillow** under their **right** hip * **Rising slowly** and avoiding extended periods of **standing** * If a woman should feel **faint**, sitting with her head  
27
This is probably because of the circulatory adjustment necessary to accommodate her increased blood supply
HEART PALPITATION | FIRST TRIMESTER
28
# HEART PALPITATION - FIRST TRIMESTER This is probably because of the ____ necessary to accommodate her ____ blood supply
This is probably because of the **circulatory adjustment** necessary to accommodate her **increased** blood supply
29
# HEART PALPITATION - FIRST TRIMESTER ____ will help prevent this from happening
**Gradual, slow movements** will help prevent this from happening
30
Abdominal pressure
ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORTS | FIRST TRIMESTER
31
# ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORTS - FIRST TRIMESTER * Avoid ____. * If you have a sudden pain in your abdomen, ____ to relieve tension and relax the tissue. * Apply a ____ to your back or take a ____ * Try a ____. * ____.
* Avoid **sharp turns or movements**. * If you have a sudden pain in your abdomen, **bend forward to the point of pain** to relieve tension and relax the tissue. * Apply a **warm water bottle or heating pad** to your back or take a **warm bath or shower** * Try a **massage** * Drink enough **fluids**
32
* Increased production of progesterone decreasing GI motility & increasing relaxation of cardiac sphincter * Displacement of stomach by enlarging uterus, thus regurgitation of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus
HEARTBURN (PYROSIS) | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
33
# HEARTBURN (PYROSIS) - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Increased production of ____ decreasing ____ & increasing relaxation of ____ * ____ by enlarging uterus, thus ____ into the esophagus
* Increased production of **progesterone** decreasing **GI motility** & increasing relaxation of **cardiac sphincter** * **Displacement of stomach** by enlarging uterus, thus **regurgitation of acidic gastric contents** into the esophagus
34
# HEARTBURN (PYROSIS) - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Eat ____ meals. * Eat ____ * Drink ____. * Avoid ____, ____, ____ after eating, & ____. * Keep the head of your bed ____ than the foot of your bed. * Try to ____ at meals. * Try ____. * If maternal heartburn is severe, not relieved by antacids, and accompanied by gastrointestinal reflux, an ____ may be indicated
* Eat **small & more frequent** meals. * Eat **Slowly** * Drink **warm liquids**. * Avoid **overeating**, **fatty & fried food**, **lying down after eating**, & **sodium bicarbonate**. * Keep the head of your bed **higher** than the foot of your bed. * Try to **separate liquids and solids** at meals. * Try **heartburn relievers**. * If maternal heartburn is severe, not relieved by antacids, and accompanied by gastrointestinal reflux, an **antisecretory agent (H2 blocker)** may be indicated
35
* Increased levels of progesterone, which cause general bowel sluggishness * Pressure of enlarging uterus on intestine * Iron supplements * Diet, lack of exercise & decreased fluids
CONSTIPATION | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
36
# CONSTIPATION - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Increased levels of ____, which cause ____ * Pressure of enlarging uterus on ____ * ____ supplements * ____, lack of ____ & decreased ____
* Increased levels of **progesterone**, which cause **general bowel sluggishness** * Pressure of enlarging uterus on **intestine** * **Iron** supplements * **Diet**, **lack of exercise** & **decreased fluids**
37
# CONSTIPATION - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Increase ____, ____ in the diet & ____ * Develop regular ____. * Use ____ as recommended by physician
* Increase **fluid intake**, **fiber** in the diet & **exercise** * Develop **regular bowel habits**. * Use **stool softeners** as recommended by physician
38
* Imbalance of calcium/phosphorus ratio * Increased pressure of uterus on nerves * Fatigue * Poor circulation to lower extremities
LEG CRAMPS (CHARLEY HORSE) | SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER
39
# LEG CRAMPS (CHARLEY HORSE) - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Imbalance of ____ ratio * Increased pressure of uterus on ____ * ____ * Poor circulation to ____
* Imbalance of **calcium/phosphorus** ratio * Increased pressure of uterus on **nerves** * **Fatigue** * Poor circulation to **lower extremities**
40
# LEG CRAMPS (CHARLEY HORSE) - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Arise ____ from ____. * Be sure to eat and drink foods that are rich in ____. * Wear ____ shoes. * Try wearing ____ but avoid any leg wear that is ____. * ____ your legs when possible; avoid ____ your legs. * ____ daily. * ____ before going to bed. * Avoid lying on your ____ * Apply ____ to affected muscle * Practice ____ of feet & stretch affected muscle.
* Arise **slowly** from **resting position**. * Be sure to eat and drink foods that are rich in **calcium**. * Wear **comfortable, low-heeled** shoes. * Try wearing **support hose** but avoid any leg wear that is **too tight.** * **Elevate** your legs when possible; avoid **crossing** your legs. * **Exercise** daily. * **Stretch your legs** before going to bed. * Avoid lying on your **back** * Apply heat to **affected muscle** * Practice dorsiflexion of feet & stretch affected muscle.
41
* Venous congestion in the lower veins that increases with pregnancy. * Heredity factors (weakening of walls of veins, faulty valves) Increased age & weight gain
VARICOSE VEINS | SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER
42
# VARICOSE VEINS - SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER * Venous congestion in the ____ that increases with pregnancy. * Heredity factors (____ of veins, ____) Increased ____
* Venous congestion in the **lower veins** that increases with pregnancy. * Heredity factors (**weakening of walls** of veins, **faulty valves**) Increased **age & weight gain**
43
# VARICOSE VEINS - SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER * ____ legs frequently. * Resting in ____ * Wear ____. * Avoid crossing legs at the ____, ____ for long periods, ____, & hosiery with ____. * ____ regularly
* **Elevate** legs frequently. * Resting in **sim’s** * Wear **support stockings**. * Avoid crossing legs at the **knees**, **standing** for long periods, **garters**, & hosiery with **constrictive bands**. * **Exercise** regularly
44
* Constipation * Increased pressure from gravid uterus on hemorrhoidal veins
HEMORRHOIDS | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
45
# HEMORRHOIDS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Constipation * Increased pressure from ____ on hemorrhoidal veins
* Constipation * Increased pressure from **gravid uterus** on hemorrhoidal veins
46
# HEMORRHOIDS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Avoid ____ * ____ position for 10-15 min * Apply ____, topical ointment, ____ agents, warm soaks, or sitz baths; gently reinsert into rectum, as necessary . * Avoid ____ underwear, pants, or pantyhose
* Avoid **constipation** * **Knee-chest** position for 10-15 min * Apply **ice packs**, topical ointment, **anesthetic agents**, warm soaks, or sitz baths; gently reinsert into rectum, as necessary . * Avoid **tight-fitting** underwear, pants, or pantyhose
47
* Increased curvature of the lumbosacral vertebrae as the uterus enlarges. * Increased levels of hormones, which cause softening of cartilage in the body joints. * Fatigue * Poor body mechanics
BACKACHE | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
48
# BACKACHE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Increased curvature of the ____ as the uterus enlarges. * Increased levels of hormones, which cause ____ in the body joints. * Fatigue * Poor ____
* Increased curvature of the **lumbosacral vertebrae** as the uterus enlarges. * Increased levels of hormones, which cause **softening of cartilage** in the body joints. * Fatigue * Poor **body mechanics**
49
# BACKACHE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Use proper ____. Practice ____ exercise. Avoid uncomfortable working heights, high heeled shoes, lifting heavy loads, & fatigue * Applying ____ compress * Check that bed is ____. * Sleep on ____ side with a pillow between legs for support.
* Use proper **body mechanics**. Practice **pelvic tilt** exercise. Avoid uncomfortable working heights, high heeled shoes, lifting heavy loads, & fatigue * Applying **warm** compress * Check that bed is **firm**. * Sleep on **left** side with a pillow between legs for support.
50
* Decreased vital capacity from pressure of enlarging uterus on the diaphragm
DYSPNEA | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
51
# DYSPNEA - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Decreased ____ from pressure of enlarging uterus on the diaphragm
* Decreased **vital capacity** from pressure of enlarging uterus on the diaphragm
52
# DYSPNEA - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Use proper posture when sitting & standing * Sleep ____ with pillow for relief if problem occurs at night. * When walking, slow down and rest a few moments. * Caution to limit activities during the day to prevent ____
* Use proper posture when sitting & standing * Sleep **propped up** with pillow for relief if problem occurs at night. * When walking, slow down and rest a few moments. * Caution to limit activities during the day to prevent **exertional dyspnea**
53
* Prolonged standing & sitting * Increased levels of sodium due to hormonal influences. * Circulatory congestion of lower extremities. * Increased capillary permeability. * Varicose veins
ANKLE EDEMA | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
54
# ANKLE EDEMA - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Prolonged standing & sitting * Increased levels of ____ due to hormonal influences. * ____ of lower extremities. * Increased ____ permeability. * ____ veins
* Prolonged standing & sitting * Increased levels of **sodium** due to hormonal influences. * **Circulatory congestion** of lower extremities. * Increased **capillary** permeability. * **Varicose** veins
55
# ANKLE EDEMA - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Practice frequent ____ of feet when prolonged sitting or standing is necessary. * Elevate legs when sitting or Resting for ____ min. * Avoid tight garters or restrictive bands around legs. Don't wear tight shoes * Resting in a ____ position * Avoid foods high in ____ * Keep your diet rich in ____ * Drink plenty of fluids
* Practice frequent **dorsiflexion** of feet when prolonged sitting or standing is necessary. * Elevate legs when sitting or Resting for **30** min. * Avoid tight garters or restrictive bands around legs.Don't wear tight shoes * Resting in a **left side-lying** position * Avoid foods high in **salt (sodium).** * Keep your diet rich in **protein** * Drink plenty of fluids
56
* Increased activity of mother or baby. * Touching of the maternal abdomen. * Dehydration. * Sexual intercourse. * Distended maternal bladder.
BRAXTON HICKS CONTRACTIONS | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
57
# BRAXTON HICKS CONTRACTIONS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Increased ____ of mother or baby. * Touching of the maternal abdomen. * ____. * ____. * Distended maternal ____.
* Increased **activity** of mother or baby. * Touching of the maternal abdomen. * **Dehydration**. * **Sexual intercourse**. * Distended maternal **bladder**.
58
# BRAXTON HICKS CONTRACTIONS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Try to relax. * Change ____. * ____ if they do not go away.
* Try to relax. * Change **positions**. * **Call your doctor** if they do not go away.
59
* Postural hypotension * Sudden change of position causing venous pooling in dependent veins * Standing for long periods in warm area * Anemia
FAINTNESS | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
60
# FAINTNESS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * ____ * Sudden change of position causing ____ in dependent veins * Standing for long periods in ____ area * ____
* **Postural hypotension** * Sudden change of position causing **venous pooling** in dependent veins * Standing for long periods in **warm** area * **Anemia**
61
# FAINTNESS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Avoid prolonged standing in ____ environment * Evaluate ____  * Lie on your ____ side to rest. * Avoid sudden movements. * Eat regular, small meals * Drink plenty of water.
* Avoid prolonged standing in **warm or stuffy** environment * Evaluate **hematocrit & hemoglobin**  * Lie on your **left** side to rest. * Avoid sudden movements. * Eat regular, small meals * Drink plenty of water.
62
* Decreased GI motility leading to delayed emptying time. * Pressure of growing uterus on large intestine * Air swallowing
FLATULENCE | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
63
# FLATULENCE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Decreased ____ leading to delayed emptying time. * Pressure of growing uterus on ____ * ____ swallowing
* Decreased **GI motility** leading to delayed emptying time. * Pressure of growing uterus on **large intestine** * **Air** swallowing
64
# FLATULENCE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Avoid gas-forming foods. * Chew food ____. * Get regular daily ____. * Maintain normal bowel habits
* Avoid gas-forming foods. * Chew food **thoroughly**. * Get regular daily **exercise**. * Maintain normal bowel habits
65
* The enlarged uterus * An active fetus may influence urinary frequency shortness of breath, and leg cramps
DIFFICULTY SLEEPING | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
66
# DIFFICULTY SLEEPING - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * The enlarged uterus * An ____ may influence urinary frequency shortness of breath, and leg cramps
* The enlarged uterus * An **active fetus** may influence urinary frequency shortness of breath, and leg cramps
67
# DIFFICULTY SLEEPING - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Don't take ____. * Try drinking ____ at bedtime. * Try taking a ____ or bath before bedtime * Use extra pillows for support while sleeping
* Don't take **sleep medication**. * Try drinking **warm milk** at bedtime. * Try taking a **warm shower** or bath before bedtime * Use extra pillows for support while sleeping
68
* Compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel of wrist aggravated by repetitive hand movements
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
69
# CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Compression of ____ in carpal tunnel of wrist aggravated by repetitive hand movements
* Compression of **median nerve** in carpal tunnel of wrist aggravated by repetitive hand movements
70
# CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Avoid ____ hand movements. * Use splint as prescribed
* Avoid **aggravating** hand movements. * Use splint as prescribed
71
* Expanding blood volume which puts pressure on cerebral arteries * Eye strain or tension
HEADACHE | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
72
# HEADACHE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Expanding blood volume which puts pressure on ____ * Eye strain or tension
* Expanding blood volume which puts pressure on **cerebral arteries** * Eye strain or tension
73
# HEADACHE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Put an ice pack on ____ or the ____. * Rest, sit, or lie quietly in a ____ room
* Put an ice pack on **forehead** or the **back of the neck**. * Rest, sit, or lie quietly in a **low-lit** room
74
* Collagen and elastin stretch and snap during pregnancy due to the pressure of rapid weight gain
PREGNANCY STRETCH MARKS | SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER
75
# PREGNANCY STRETCH MARKS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * ____ and ____ stretch and snap during pregnancy due to the pressure of rapid weight gain
* **Collagen and elastin** stretch and snap during pregnancy due to the pressure of rapid weight gain
76
# PREGNANCY STRETCH MARKS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER * Be sure that diet contains ____ needed for healthy skin * Apply ____ to the skin to keep it soft and reduce dryness. * ____.
* Be sure that diet contains **enough sources of the nutrients** needed for healthy skin * Apply **lotion** to the skin to keep it soft and reduce dryness. * **Exercise daily**.

NR-NUR121 | Mother and Child Nursing (MCN) (26 decks)

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