12. Process Safety Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following is not measure of effectiveness safety program?
A
HAZOP
2
Q
Lowest value on response vs dose curve is called
A
Thresold Limit Value
3
Q
Identification, Evaluation and control are the phases of
A
Industrial Hygiene
4
Q
Fire is rapid ______ of ignited fuel.
A
Exothermic oxidation
5
Q
is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases
A
Explosion
6
Q
____ is the lowest temperature that the vapours of a material will ignite when exposed to an ignition source.
A
Fire point
6
Q
An explosion occurring within a vessel or a building, known as
A
Confined Explosion
6
Q
For material handling which is wrong statement ______.
A
Environmental risk assessments should not be available
7
Q
Who is responsible for ensuring the workers are provided with safe working environment?
A
OSHA
8
Q
PHA stands for
A
Process Hazard Analysis
9
Q
Which of the following is not Guide word of HAZOP?
A
NAND
10
Q
Process of adding inert gas to combustible mixture to reduce concentration of oxygen below limiting oxygen concentration (LOC)
A
Inerting
11
Q
Vessels can be pressure-purged by adding inert gas ______.
A
Under atmospheric pressure
12
Q
The ____________ process determines whether exposure to a chemical can increase the incidence of adverse health effect.
A
Hazard identification
13
Q
Hazard is defined as the probability of
A
suffering harm or loss
14
Q
______ occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents.
A
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
15
Q
For ______ the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound
A
deflagration
16
Q
Static electricity is generated when
A
mists or sprays pass through orifices
17
Q
An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas
A
Mechanical explosion
18
Q
The essential elements for ______ are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source
A
Fire triangle
19
Q
What is toxicity equivalence factor?
A
Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference
20
Q
OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with __.
A
PPE
21
Q
ED stands for
A
Effective dose
22
Q
Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals.
A
Toxicological
23
OSHA is part of the ___________ department of labour.
US
24
During the ______ phase, the various **types of existing control measures** and their effectiveness are also studied.
Evaluation
25
The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to
Prevent the release of HW
26
What are the steps involved in evaluation of toxicity?
hazard identification and dose-response evaluation
27
___________ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor.
Toxicity assessment
28
Which of the following is not characteristics of hazardous waste?
Leakage
29
Results from long-term exposure to lower doses of a chemical is known as ________.
Chronic toxicity
30
Which of the following chemical is responsible for acute lung disease from Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methylisocyanate
31
Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium and Cyanide effects _________.
Nervous system
32
______ represents a contact between a chemical agent and an object.
Exposure
33
Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a
Safe workplace
34
OSHA was created to _________
To reduce hazards
35
How is sensitivity analysed in risk estimation?
By critical assumptions
36
An incident can be called hazardous only when?
Stressor has the potential to cause harm to humans and ecological systems
37
What is the main purpose of hazard identification?
To characterize adverse effect of toxins
38
Doses are expressed on a _________ basis
Body-weight
39
Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______
Threshold
40
Which of the following valve is known as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
41
When did Seveso accident occur?
1976
42
A waste to be called toxic, acute oral LD50 concentration should be _______ mg/kg.
2500
43
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long term exposure
44
The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP known as
Operating pressure
45
Occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
46
What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to short term exposure
47
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable source and causes of contamination on site
48
Hazard identification mainly focus on
Chemical source and concentration
49
Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of
Doses by exposure rate
50
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessment
51
The toxicological end point for dose-response relationship should be _________
Definitive
52
For existing chemicals, we should always consider ________ exposure assessment based on modelling, to derive an environmental concentration.
Reasonable worst case
53
What is the main goal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effect on individual and population
54
The FAR reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their entire lifetime. The employees are assumed to work a total of 50 years.
FAR
55
The last step of accident process
Termination
56
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for ______
A dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population
57
The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure. It is expressed as a percentage of the set pressure.
Blowdown
58
What is the most common approach used to asses skin exposure to a contaminant?
Using pad or dosimeters to determine the amount of contaminant deposited on the skin
59
The father of occupational medicine who said a doctor should always ask a patient of what trade are you is said to be
Dr. Ramazzini
60
Who had a large influence on American OHS regulation in the early part of the 20th century, and who also wrote exploring the dangerous trades
Dr. Alice Hamilton
61
In what year did the US federal government first pass a workers compensation act for some civil employees?
1908
62
In what year was the first American state workers compensation act passed?
1911
63
This American federal act was the first know legal adoption of standards for allowable concentrations of chemicals in workplace air.
Waish-haeley Public Contract Act
64
The most well known OEls are established by
ACGIH
65
The most well known OEls are established by
ACGIH
66
The ACGIH TLVs
are science based
67
If three of the following are said to be exposure limits for chemical X, which one is likely to be the ceiling limit?
1000ppm
68
The definition of the ACGIH TLV_STELs refer to certain health effects that must be avoided. these do not include
carcinogenicity
69
Which organization is widely recognized around the world as setting exposure limits for ionizing radiation?
International commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
70
Which is not an agent ACGIH sets standards for?
Ionizing radiation
71
Which is not one of the main forms in which chemicals are present in the workplace?
Fibers
72
Chemicals cause two main kinds of health effects
Local effects and poisoning
73
Who said it is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison?
Paracelsus
74
A dose response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has
a s-shaped or sigmoidal curve
75
If the dose response curves of three chemicals are shown on the same graph, the one which intersects the xaxis (dose) at the lowest dose is
the most poisonous
76
The most common type of LD 50 test involves
an oral dose
77
For any given chemical, a high LD 50 value generally means
Low toxicity
78
Which statement about ingestion as a route of entry into the workers body by workplace chemicals is incorrect?
ingestion is usually a significant way in which chemicals gain entry into the body
79
(True or False) Food contamination with workplace chemicals can be a way chemicals can enter the body by ingestion
True
80
_____ is a method of entry of chemicals by ingestion can be reduced
Hand washing
81
The two main categories of skin irritation caused by chemicals are
Information and corrosion
82
An example of a workplace chemical that can damage the kidneys specifically is
Lead salts
83
Which is not a chemical known to specifically damage the kidney
vinyl chloride
84
Which is a chemical known to specifically damage the kidney
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride)
Lead salts
Mercury salts
85
Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposures
radiological
86
Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposures
a) mechanical
c) physical
d) chemical
87
What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA?
Fall Protection
88
What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA?
Fall Protection
89
What is the leading cause of death on construction sites?
Falls
90
Which of the following is not a chemical-related health hazard?
Reactivity
91
Which of the following is not a chemical-related health hazard?
A. Carcinogenicity
C. Corrosivity
D. Toxicity
92
Rubber insulating gloves need to be tested:
Before first use and then every 6 months
93
Which of the following is not measure of effectiveness safety program?
HAZOP
94
Which of the following is a measure of effectiveness safety program?
A. OSHA incident rate
B. Fatal Accident Rate(FAR)
C. Fatality Rate
95
For material handling which is wrong statement………
Environmental risk assessmentsshould not be available.
96
Flammable liquids should be stored in _____so they cannot spread uncontrollably.
retaining embankments
97
Corrosive substances should not be stored
above eye level.
98
Indoor storage facilities for flammable liquids should have
ventilation
99
Who is responsible for ensuring the workers are provided with safe working environment?
OSHA
100
Who is responsible for ensuring the workers are provided with safe working environment?
OSHA
101
PHA stands for
Process Hazard Analysis
102
The reliability analysis in process industry is done by which of the following?
Fault Tree Analysis
103
Which of the following is a Guide word of HAZOP?
No
Less
More
104
___________ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor.
Toxicity assessment
105
What is the main purpose of hazard identification?
To characterize adverse effect of toxins
106
Doses are expressed on a _________ basis.
Body weight
107
Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______
Threshold
108
The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP known as
Operating pressure
109
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessent
110
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessent
111
What is the final stage of risk assessment?
Risk characterisation
112
The toxicological end point for dose-response relationship should be _____.
Definitive
113
What is the main gal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effect on individal and population
114
The _____ reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their lifetime. The employees are assumed to work a total of 50 years.
FAR
