1.2 The Water Cycle Flashcards
(17 cards)
How much of the earths water is oceanic?
97%
How much of the earths water is freshwater?
3%
How much of the earths freshwater is in ice caps and glaciers?
79%
How much of the earths freshwater is groundwater?
20%
How much of the earths freshwater is easily accessible surface water?
1%
How much of the earths easily accessible fresh water is water within living organisms?
1%
How much of the earths easily accessible fresh water is in lakes?
52%
How much of the earths easily accessible fresh water is in rivers?
1%
How much of the earths easily accessible fresh water is atmospheric water vapour?
8%
How much of the earths easily accessible fresh water is soil moisture?
38%
What are the two ways in which condensation can happen?
When the temperature of air is reduced to dew point but its volume remains constant
When the volume of the air increases but there is no addition of heat - happens when air rises and expands in the lower pressure of the upper atmosphere
What is a drainage basin?
Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Includes water found on the surface, in the soil and in near-surface geology
What are the inputs in a drainage basin?
Ocean precipitation
Land precipitation
What are the outputs of a drainage basin?
Evaporation from the water surface
Evapotranspiration from plants
What are the flows in a drainage basin?
Percolation Infiltration Groundwater flow Throughflow Throughfall stemflow Channel fall
What is stemflow?
The amount of precipitation intercepted by the canopy that flows down the stems, stalks or trunks to reach the ground
What is through fall?
The amount of precipitation that reaches the ground directly through the gaps in vegetation
