1.2 Ultrastructure of cells

Question 1

What are prokaryotes?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes are cells without a nucleus

Question 2

What domains are prokaryotes?

Answer 2

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria

Question 3

Draw a prokaryote

Answer 3

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Question 4

What are the important parts of a prokaryote?

Answer 4

• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Ribosomes
• Nucleoid region

Some have:
* Slimy capsule
* Plasmid
* Pili
* Flagella

Question 5

What is the function of the slimy capsule?

Answer 5

Keeps bacteria from drying out

Question 6

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 6

Provides structural support and protects the cell

Question 7

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

• Holds the cell together
• Seperates cell from others
• Semi-permeable

Question 8

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 8

• Synthesis of proteins
• Made up of ribosomal RNA and protein

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleoid region?

Answer 9

It’s 1 large circular DNA molecule

Question 10

What is the function of the flagella?

Answer 10

Helps the bacteria swim

Question 11

What is the function of the plasmid?

Answer 11

It’s a small ring of extra DNA

Question 12

What is the function of pili?

Answer 12

Hair-like extensions that enable adherence to surfaces

Question 13

How do prokaryotes replicate?

Answer 13

Through binary fission

Question 14

What are the steps of binary fission?

Answer 14

• The single chromosome is replicated
• The copies move to opposite sides of the cell
• Division of the cytoplasm
• Each of the daughter cells contain one copy of the chromosome so they are identical

Question 15

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 15

Cells that have a nucleus

Question 16

Dram the structure of a typical animal cell

Answer 16

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Question 17

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 17

• The control center of the cell
• Contains the DNA

Question 18

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 18

Packaging and modification of proteins

Question 19

What is the function of the vacuole

Answer 19

Takes up a large space of a plant cell and affects wether the cell is turgid or not

Question 20

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 20

Site of protein synthesis

Question 21

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 21

Synthesis of hormones and lipids

Question 22

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 22

• Where cell respiration takes place
• Contains oxidative enzymes that convert sugar to ATP

Question 23

What is the function of the lysosome?

Answer 23

Contains enzymes that break down waste and phagocytosed material

Question 24

What is the function of the centriole?

Answer 24

Function in cell division

Question 25

Draw the structure of a typical plant cell

Answer 25

Compare to picture on bioninja

Question 26

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 26

* Contains chlorophyll * Place where photosynthesis occurs

Question 27

Compare DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 27

Prokaryotes: Naked DNA Eukaryotes: Protein bound DNA

Question 28

Compare nucleus in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 28

Prokaryote: No nucleus Eukaryote: Has nucleus

Question 29

Compare organelles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 29

Prokaryotes: No membrane-bound Eukaryotes: Membrane-bound

Question 30

Compare ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 30

Prokaryotes: 70S Eukaryotes: 80S

Question 31

Compare reproduction in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 31

Prokaryotes: Binary fission Eukaryotes: Mitosis and mieosis

Question 32

Compare size in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 32

Prokaryotes: Smalles, about 1-5 µm Eukaryotes: Larger, about 10-100 µm

Question 33

Compare light microscopes and electron microscopes

Answer 33

Electron microscopes have much higher resolution than light microscopes

Question 34

Why does electron microscopes have higher resolution than light microscopes?

Answer 34

Because beams of electrons have much shorter wavelength than beams of light