12. Urinary System

Question 1

The renal artery enters the kidney in a region known as the _______

Answer 1

hilum

Question 2

There are generally two types of nephrons. The lower ones are known as
___________ nephrons. (one word). These nephrons have tubules that terminate in the lower medulla.

Answer 2

juxtamedullary

Question 3

Transitional epithelium is also known as

Answer 3

urothelium

Question 4

The visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule contains cells known as __________

Answer 4

podocytes

Question 5

Medullary rays are extensions of what into the cortex? (two words)

Answer 5

collecting ducts

Question 6

The surface cells in the bladder may also be known as _______ cells

Answer 6

umbrella

Question 7

The nephrons which are primarily responsible for fluid balance are known as _________ nephrons

Answer 7

juxtamedullary

Question 8

The Juxtaglomerular apparatus consists primarily of what 3 components?

Answer 8

• macula densa
• juxtaglomerular cells
• Lacis cells

Question 9

The support tissue found in the glomerulus is known as the? (one word, be specific)

Answer 9

mesangium

Question 10

Although the male and female urethras are no identical, in some regions they both contain stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. T/F

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The apex of the medullary pyramid is also known as the _____

Answer 11

papilla

Question 12

The proximal convoluted tubule connects to the glomerus in a region known as the ________ pole

Answer 12

urinary

Question 13

A renal lobule consists of?

Answer 13

Medullary ray + all the associated nephrons that empty into it

Question 14

A renal lobe consists of?

Answer 14

Medullary pyramid + associated cortex

Question 15

How to tell PCT and DCT cells apart?

Answer 15

PCT are larger and have more numerous, prominent microvilli

Question 16

There are generally two types of nephrons. The upper ones are known as _________ nephrons

Answer 16

cortical

Question 17

Anatomic divisions of the kidney?

Answer 17

• Cortex
• Medulla
• Pelvis/sinus

Question 18

3 components that are primarily found in the kidney cortex

Answer 18

• Glomeruli
• PCT
• Collecting tubules

Question 19

3 components that are OCCASIONALLY found in the kidney cortex

Answer 19

• Collecting ducts (medullary rays)
• Portions of loop of Henle
• Blood vessels

Question 20

3 components primarily found in kidney medulla

Answer 20

• Loop of Henle
• Vasa recta
• Collecting ducts

Question 21

Nephron consists of what 2 things

Answer 21

• Renal corpuscle

- Associated tubules

Question 22

Kidney cortex extends down in columns known as?

Answer 22

Columns of Bertin

Question 23

Cause of granular appearance of kidney cortex?

Answer 23

Glomeruli

Question 24

Glomeruli are also known as?

Answer 24

Renal corpuscles

Question 25

Broad base of pyramids in medulla bordering the cortex is known as?

Answer 25

Corticomedullary region

Question 26

Purpose of columns of Bertin?

Answer 26

Allow for passage of nerves and blood vessels

Question 27

Juxtaglomerular body helps maintain _________ (2 things) and production of ________

Answer 27

blood pressure, blood volume production of renin

Question 28

2 functions of juxtaglomerular body

Answer 28

- Maintenance of BP and blood volume | - Production of renin

Question 29

3 regions in male urethra

Answer 29

- Prostatic - Membranous - Spongy

Question 30

3 components of cortex

Answer 30

- Glomeruli - PCT - DCT

Question 31

Function of columns of Bertin?

Answer 31

Passage of nerves and blood vessels