1200-1750 Review

Question 1

The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author’s motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America?

A
Bolívar opposed the use of Native Americans and Africans as forced laborers in Latin America.

B
Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.

C
Bolívar was alarmed by the excessive consumerism in the Spanish empire.

D
Bolívar hoped to undo the effects of the columbian exchange.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution?

A
The French Revolution was inspired by Enlightenment ideas while the Haitian Revolution was not.

B
The Haitian Revolution began because of unfair taxation by the French king.

C
The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.

D
The leaders of the French Revolution wanted religious freedom while the leaders of the Haitian Revolution wanted equal representation.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of Latin American independence movements in the nineteenth century?

A
Slaves led a majority of the armed revolts.

B
Creole elites led most revolts against colonial rule.

C
The United States provided military and financial support to all the revolts.

D
The revolts led to the elimination of racial discrimination throughout Latin America.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The United States Bill of Rights and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for
A
physical elimination of the ruling class

B
confiscation of church property

C
protection of private property

D
preservation of the monarchy

E
establishment of a parliamentary system

Answer 4

C

Question 5

By 1830 revolutions in the Atlantic world resulted in which of the following changes?

A
The political independence of colonies in both North and South America

B
The emancipation of slaves everywhere in the Atlantic world

C
Political and economic domination of the Western Hemisphere by the United States

D
The creation of a politically unified South America

Answer 5

A

Question 6

One important similarity between the American Revolution and the French Revolution is that they both

A
challenged monarchical governments
B
resulted in the abolition of slavery

C
resulted in the abolition of class divisions in society

D
enabled women to achieve political equality with men

Answer 6

A

Question 7

The United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for

A
physical elimination of the ruling class

B
confiscation of church property

C
protection of private property

D
preservation of the monarchy

Answer 7

C

Question 8

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750–1900 ?

A
Because the nutritional quality of food greatly improved, more people were able to sustain the long working hours that factory labor required.

B
Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.

C
Because farmers needed less land to produce the same amount of food, they could build textile factories on the excess land.

D
Because greater quantities of food could be sold at higher prices, governments could tax farmers at higher rates and use those revenues to build factories.

Answer 8

B

Question 9

The development of the factory system most directly explains which of the following characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

A
The higher degree of educational achievement among workers

B
A decline in the diversity of consumer goods

C
Large increases in the prices of most consumer goods

D
The greater degree of labor specialization

Answer 9

D

Question 10

Which of the following factors contributed most to the increase of world population in the period 1750 to 1900 C.E.?

A
A decline in the frequency and deadliness of warfare

B
Improvements in agricultural productivity and food distribution

C
Improvements in rural health care

D
A rapid increase in birth rates throughout the globe

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Which of following best explains a likely reason for the title of the image?

A
The prevalence of slave labor, which was used within the factories

B
The soot pollution, which resulted from the coal industry in the region

C
The increase in the use of timber, which was transported along the canals

D
The construction of factory buildings, which increased throughout the town

Answer 11

B

Question 12

Which of the following best supports the view of some world historians that the eighteenth century marked a major turning point in world history?

A
The beginning of European colonization of Africa

B
The beginning of the Wahhabi movement of Islamic renewal in Arabia

C
The beginning of European colonization of Australia and New Zealand

D
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England

Answer 12

D

Question 13

All of the following contributed to the rise of industrialization in western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century EXCEPT

A
geographic distribution of coal and iron

B
legal protection of private property

C
improved agricultural productivity

D
increased rights for laborers

Answer 13

D

Question 14

The values of “foreign civilization” that Nagazane criticized in the passage were most directly a product of the

A
Renaissance

B
Protestant and Catholic Reformations

C
Enlightenment

D
Scientific and Industrial Revolutions

Answer 14

D

Question 15

Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was

A
the Industrial Revolution

B
European medical technology

C
Spanish control of New World silver

D
Portuguese naval and firearms technology

E
the Enlightenment

Answer 15

A

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a conclusion about the relationship between steamships and world trade in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table?

A
North America had roughly twice the share of world trade as Latin America had because it possessed almost twice as many steamships.

B
Africa and Oceania’s share of world trade was nearly equivalent to Latin America’s share of world trade because all three regions had roughly the same number of steamships.

C
The fact that North America had only the third largest share of world trade by region roughly corresponds to its share of the total number of sailing vessels by region.

D
Europe’s dominance in the total number of steamships roughly correlates to its dominance in world trade.

Answer 16

D

Question 17

Which of the following was a major reason for the decline in India’s share of the global manufacture of cotton textiles by the end of the nineteenth century?

A
Climate change that significantly altered the growing season

B
Disruption of production from disputes with labor unions

C
Competition from industrially produced British textiles

D
Religious opposition to capitalist modes of production

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Great Britain’s development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to

A
use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production

B
use natural resources from colonies to create finished products

C
use coerced labor for producing manufactured goods

D
take advantage of mercantilist economic policies to protect themselves from foreign competition

Answer 18

A

Question 19

The “second Industrial Revolution” in the last half of the nineteenth century was associated with the mass production of which of the following groups of products?

A
Textiles, iron, and coal

B
Textiles, automobiles, and plastics

C
Airplanes, ships, and radios

D
Electricity, automobiles, and airplanes

E
Electricity, steel, and chemicals

Answer 19

E

Question 20

Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s?

A
A decline in the social status of women

B
An increase in the power and prestige of the landowning aristocracy

C
The general leveling of social hierarchies based on wealth

D
The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas

Answer 20

D

Question 21

The data in the table best provide historical context to understand which of the following developments in mid-nineteenth-century Great Britain?

A
Pollution resulting from industrial manufacturing

B
The emergence of social reform movements

C
The development of better transportation infrastructure

D
The increasing demand for consumer goods

Answer 21

B

Question 22

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some governments responded to the growing popularity of ideas such as the ones expressed in the passage by doing which of the following?

A
Increasing the number of financial instruments available to help expand transnational businesses

B
Expanding colonial territories and increasing industrial production

C
Passing reforms designed to improve the conditions of industrial workers

D
Opening large sectors of the economy to foreign direct investment

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Marx’s statement in the passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following responses to the development and spread of global capitalism in the nineteenth century?

A
A movement to gain higher wages and shorter hours for workers

B
A movement to articulate an alternative vision of society

C
A movement to convince workers that global capitalism would ultimately benefit them

D
A movement to celebrate the productive capacity of global capitalism

Answer 23

B

Question 24

Which of the following was the primary Ottoman response to the processes depicted in Map 2 ?
A
Attempts to convert the empire’s non-Muslim population to Islam

B
Efforts to transform the empire into a parliamentary democracy

C
Attempts to reconcile Islamic law with Marxist ideals

D
Efforts to reform the government despite considerable internal opposition

Answer 24

D

Question 25

The ideology reflected in the poster was most directly the result of which of the following developments in the nineteenth century? A Growing discontent with traditional forms of government led to the development of new political ideas. B Rebellions against imperial rule led to the formation of new independent states. C Demands for an expanded suffrage including women and the working class challenged existing political hierarchies. D Enlightenment philosophers and writers increasingly turned to empiricism and denounced the role of religion in political life.

Answer 25

A

Question 26

Members of which of the following groups led opposition to industrialization in both Qing China and the Ottoman Empire? A Government officials B Landless peasants C Merchants D Clerics

Answer 26

A

Question 27

The excerpt above emphasizes which of the following solutions to the exploitation of industrial laborers? A Radical changes to the socioeconomic structure of Europe B Abolition of the factory system and industrial wage labor C Free food, housing, and other necessities for factory workers D Sufficient wages for factory workers to live full, comfortable lives

Answer 27

D

Question 28

A historian interpreting the decree would best understand the purpose of the “new legislation” referred to in the second paragraph as an attempt to A establish the Ottoman Empire as a European power by conquering territory in southern Europe B establish Ottoman colonies in sub-Saharan Africa to extract natural resources for factories C allow the Ottoman government to reconquer territories lost to the Safavid and Mughal empires D allow the Ottoman government to compete against industrializing European powers

Answer 28

D

Question 29

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working conditions depicted in Image 2 served as an inspiration for those arguing that A oil and electricity rather than coal should become the basis of a new industrial economy B the negative environmental impacts of industrialization should be addressed by stringent regulations C the negative social effects of capitalism should be alleviated by enacting factory regulations D a Protestant work ethic was the most important factor behind Europe’s global economic dominance

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Which of the following best explains the general increase in the living standards of industrial workers between 1800 and 1914 ? A Deficit-spending policies by governments in major industrial states B The implementation of strong protective tariffs C The increased supply of inexpensive consumer goods D Implementation of utopian socialist ideas in the organization of factory labor

Answer 30

C

Question 31

Which of the following distinguishes the Meiji period from earlier periods in Japanese history? A Militarism and feudalism B Isolation and lack of foreign trade C Reform and industrialization D Democratization and manorial privilege

Answer 31

C

Question 32

The Meiji reforms in Japan resulted in A the strengthening of the power of regional lords at the expense of the emperor B a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor C the Tokugawa shogunate’s adoption of a unified civil code D the overthrow of the imperial system for a democratic republic

Answer 32

B

Question 33

Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century? A Mesoamericans in the Pacific Ocean B Bantu peoples in the Indian Ocean C Chinese in the Indian Ocean D Russians in the Pacific Ocean

Answer 33

C

Question 34

The passage by al-Khatib is best understood in the context of which of the following? A The continuing endemic presence of malaria in the Mediterranean B The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests C The spread of syphilis in Spain as a result of increased contacts with the Western Hemisphere D The increase in diseases associated with improvements in diet and longevity

Answer 34

B

Question 35

The photograph above of Angkor Wat in Cambodia is an example of A the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia B the wealth created by the spice trade C Japanese architecture D Hindu influence in Southeast Asia E the Chinese reconquest of Indochina

Answer 35

D

Question 36

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the production of A cotton B sugar C tobacco D rice E coffee

Answer 36

B

Question 37

The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why A social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule B syncretic religious movements frequently emerged from cultural differences in colonial societies C nationalist movements against imperial rule often sought to bridge ethnic and religious differences by appealing to popular Enlightenment ideals D settler colonies frequently exacerbated differences between religious groups in colonial societies

Answer 37

A

Question 38

A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti’s lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century? A Religious differences in colonial societies often led to communal violence. B Imperial states often granted preference to religious groups that they felt were less of a threat to their power. C Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule. D Imperial governments often consulted local religious leaders before issuing important decrees.

Answer 38

C

Question 39

The author’s political point of view can be most clearly seen in the way in which the passage A neglects to mention that South Asian migrants were a key source of labor for Western transnational corporations B disparages the development of contemporary Hinduism C omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India D attributes historical events to divine intervention

Answer 39

C

Question 40

Which of the following was an important continuity in the social structure of states and empires in the period 600 B.C.E. to 1450 C.E.? A Peasants were generally free of obligations to the state. B Wealthy merchants dominated political institutions. C Landholding aristocracies tended to be the dominant class. D Urban craft workers played a substantial role in government.

Answer 40

C

Question 41

All of the following statements about nomadic empires in the period 1200–1700 are factually accurate. Which statement most likely explains why Tamerlane’s empire rapidly declined in the late fifteenth century? A Nomadic empires contained numerous ethnic and religious groups within their territories. B Nomadic empires frequently sought to control key trade routes in order to secure access to luxury goods. C Nomadic empires often used the governmental systems of sedentary societies to rule agricultural regions. D Nomadic empires typically contained numerous tribes and confederations that were difficult to control.

Answer 41

D

Question 42

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author’s arguments about the quality of the highways described in the passage? A They were built by men with tools. B They were very broad, and some extended across the entire kingdom. C There were many roads throughout the kingdom. D Their construction was supervised by government officials.

Answer 42

B

Question 43

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author most directly use to support his argument about the king of Spain following the Inca method of highway construction? A The Inca rulers constructed roads to help complete conquests. B The Inca rulers only had to command their officials to construct a highway, and it was completed quickly. C The Inca rulers clearly marked their kingdom with boundaries. D The Inca rulers could acquire specialized tools to cut through mountains.

Answer 43

B

Question 44

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his argument about the pride of Inca rulers in the second paragraph? A Inca rulers followed the method of dynastic succession for passing political authority from one ruler to another. B Inca rulers performed religious ceremonies to bless the highways and those who traveled on them. C Inca rulers had officials assign men from the provinces to construct the highways. D Inca rulers typically tried to construct bigger and broader highways than their predecessors if they wanted to undertake conquests.

Answer 44

D

Question 45

Which of the following processes contributed to the emergence of syncretic and new religions in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres during the sixteenth century? A Increases in global interactions B Resurgence of religious piety C Rejection of indigenous traditions D Adoption of local religions by colonizers

Answer 45

A

Question 46

The portrait of Emperor Jahangir in Image 1 was most likely a symbolic representation of which of the following? A The Mughal Empire’s scientific achievements B The expanding power of the Mughal Empire C The extended travels of Emperor Jahangir to Eurasian pilgrimage sites D The Mughal Empire’s control of global trade networks

Answer 46

B

Question 47

Which of the following was a major motivation for European maritime expansion starting in the fifteenth century? A The desire to trade directly with Africans and Asians B The desire to spread democracy C The need for suitable land to establish settler colonies D The need for industrial resources

Answer 47

A

Question 48

The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E. resulted in the spread of which of the following from South Asia? A Military weaponry, such as iron-tipped spears and chariots B Technological and scientific concepts, such as the decimal and zero C Irrigation technologies, such as ceramic pipes D Textile manufacturing processes, such as the spinning jenny

Answer 48

B

Question 49

Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? A The Ottoman Empire successfully pursued mercantilist economic policies. B Ottoman citizens unified by their recent conversion to Islam were strongly motivated to conquer. C Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals. D The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and technological innovation.

Answer 49

C

Question 50

Which of the following contributed the most to the Ottoman Empire’s successful expansion in Europe and the Middle East in the period from 1450 to 1600 ? A The Ottomans’ use of revenues from transoceanic trade to build a powerful army B The Ottomans’ use of nomadic tribes as cavalry troops C The Ottomans’ adoption of the latest gunpowder and artillery technology D The Ottomans’ exploitation of Muslim desire to avenge the crusades

Answer 50

C