nervous system: BBB and cerebrum

Question 1

what is the blood brain barier?

Answer 1

special capillaries in brain form selective barriers; have
tight junctions between ependymal and capillary
thickened basal lamina
astrocytes wrap around capillaries
stimulate formation of tight junctions
make brain capillaries much less permeable

Question 2

what substances can cross the BBB?

Answer 2

hydrophobic molecules (lipids) and gases

Question 3

what does BBB regulate and restrict?

Answer 3

movement of all other molecules

Question 4

what are the four main regions of the brain?

Answer 4

1. cerebrum
2. diencephalon
3. brain stem
4. cerebellum

Question 5

characteristics of the cerebrum?

Answer 5

largest component (85% brain mass)
complex thought processing/memory
2 hemispheres(separated by longitudinal fissure)-joined by nerve tract (corpus callosum)
surface has gyri(folds) and sulci(grooves)

Question 6

what are the four functional lobes

Answer 6

frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

Question 7

what are the three regions of cerebrum?

Answer 7

cerebral cortex, white mater, and basal nuclei

Question 8

function of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 8

motor-voluntary muscle control learned movements
sensory-interprets sensory stimuli(sound/vision/odors)
association-integration of sensory info (memory)

Question 9

characteristics of cerebral cortex?

Answer 9

most superficial
grey matter(cell bods of neurons/neurgolia)
has gyri and sulci
home of consciousness

Question 10

functions of the white matter?

Answer 10

myelinated axons communicate with other parts of the brain
axons bundled into nerve tracts

Question 11

three types of fibres in white matter?

Answer 11

commisural fibres- connect L/R cerebral hemi ex corpus callosum
association fibres- connections within the same hemi ex fornix
projection fibres- connect cerebral cortex with deeper parts of the brain ex tracts

Question 12

characteristics of basal nuclei?

Answer 12

paired masses of grey matter (inferior to lateral ventricles)
caudate nuclei and lentiform nucleus (intiate/regulate voluntary movement)
claustrum(subconscious processing of visual stimuli )

Question 13

functions of frontal lobe?

Answer 13

primary motor cortex
voluntary control of skeletal muscles
decision making and impulse control
primary motor cortex in the protectional gyrus

Question 14

functions of parietal lobes?

Answer 14

primary sensory cortex
conscious perception of touch pain temp taste
primary sensory cortex in the parietal gyrus

Question 15

function of occipital lobes

Answer 15

visual cortex
conscious perception of visual stimuli

Question 16

function of temporal lobes

Answer 16

auditory and olfactory cortex
conscious perception of sounds/odors

Question 17

what do all lobes have in common?

Answer 17

integration/processing sensory data; processing and initiation of motor activities

Question 18

what is the function of the left hemisphere?

Answer 18

linear/logical thought sequences numbers/letters/words