Exam 2: Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

Can you explain Behavioral Tolerance?

Answer 1

” Certain muscles movements will become easier and better when under the effects of the drug” ; there is a decrease in behavioral response

Question 2

The increase in dosage to achieve a desire effect outline what?

Answer 2

The rightward shift associated with tolerance

Question 3

What is the question that may be answer in relation to pharmacodynamics?

Answer 3

How does the drug cause biological changes?

Question 4

What are the 5 types of tolerance?

Answer 4

Pharmacokinetic Tolerance
Pharmacodynamic tolerance
Behavioral tolerance
Conditioned tolerance
Cross tolerance

Question 5

Allosteric Modulator:

Answer 5

The binding at the site of a receptor will cause configurational changes in the protein

Question 6

What is Cross tolerance?

Answer 6

Exposure to one drug will = the tolerance of other drugs that work by the same mechanism

Question 7

An increase in responsiveness to the dose that will give the desired effects outlines:

Answer 7

Sensitization

Question 8

The maximum effect produced by a given drug describes?

Answer 8

Efficacy

Question 9

Pharmacodynamics aims to explain the…

Answer 9

Mechanism of action of a drug

Question 10

The reduction in the reactivity of the sites of action (Receptors are changing and down regulating)

Answer 10

Pharmacodynamics

Question 11

What does tolerance describe?

Answer 11

A decrease in responsiveness to the dose that will give the desired effects

Question 12

Describe the 3 actions that can happen at a Metabotropic Receptor:

Answer 12

You can either have Agonism, antagonism, or partial agonism.

In agonism there will be an activation at the NT receptor unlike the antagonism which will fail to activate the receptor.

On the other hand you’ll have partial where a drug will have a weaker efficacy for activating the receptor than a NT

Question 13

The minimum dose that is effective describes?

Answer 13

Potency

Question 14

A Negative modulator will?

Answer 14

Block or get in the way of binding

Question 15

The dosage require to produce a desire effect decreases describes:

Answer 15

The leftward shift in relation to sensitization

Question 16

The reduction in the amount of drug getting to the site of action describes what type of tolerance?

Answer 16

Pharmacokinetics

Question 17

At a Ionotropic Receptor there are 3 actions that can happen, what are they?

Answer 17

You can have a Agonism, Antagonism, or a Partial Agonism

In the agonism, the drug molecule will open the channel

In antagonism, the drug molecule will fail to open the channel

In partial agonism, the drug occupies the receptor but doesn’t fully activate it

Question 18

Phardynamisc explains mechanism of action, can you give at least three examples?

Answer 18

1. L-DOPA –> increases the production of dopamine in neurons
2. Tetrodotoxin –> block sodium channels to prevent action potentials
3. Cocaine –> Block dopamine re-uptake transporter (DAT)

Question 19

What is Conditioned Tolerance?

Answer 19

There is a physiological response to stimuli associated with substance use that will counter act the drug effects

environmental cues will signal the body to down regulate itself because it knows that it’s about to be stimulated.

Question 20

A Positive modulator will?

Answer 20

Clear the way for binding thus increasing the ability for a NT to bind

Question 21

What are two important drug characteristics?

Answer 21

Potency and Efficacy

Question 22

The relationship between does and magnitude of response is labeled as

Answer 22

The Dose Effect Curve

Question 23

Will ther be activation in relation to Allosteric Modulators?

Answer 23

There will be neither activation or prevention of deactivation

Question 24

Tolerance and Sensitization are both result that can happen due to?

Answer 24

Long term and frequent exposure to a drug or drugs