final exam: psychedelics

Question 1

Mind - Expanding is the term that describes this class of drug

Answer 1

Psychedelics

Question 2

What are the three main categories of Psychedelics?

Answer 2

1. Mixed Stimulant psychedelics
2. Dissociative Anesthetics
3. Hallucinogens

Question 3

What is a drug that is an example of a hallucinogen?

Answer 3

LSD

Question 4

What is a drug that is an example of a mixed stimulant?

Answer 4

MDMA (ecstasy)

Question 5

PCP and Ketamine are all examples of what category of psychedelic

Answer 5

Dissociative Ansethetics

Question 6

Explain Primary Endpoint associated with Hallucinogens:

Answer 6

Primary endpoint is what most people would think about when hearing hallucinogens. It is accompanied by visual hallucinations and out-of-body experiences called sensory distortions

Question 7

Explain Secondary Endpoint associated with Hallucinogens:

Answer 7

This endpoint is associated with negative symptoms including Disturbances in someone’s mood, physiology, and cognition

Question 8

What is Lysergic Acid Diethylamide?

Answer 8

Short for LSD it is a synthetic hallucinogen. It is the most potent and notorious of the class of hallucinogens. Very small doses can cause serious changes

Question 9

What is Shrooms?

Answer 9

A hallucinogen that originates from a hallucinogenic mushroom

Question 10

What are 3 other options of Hallucinogens

Answer 10

DMT and NBOMes
Mescaline

Question 11

In what other ways can people benefit from DMT?

Answer 11

It can be brewed to make a tea that has ayahuasca in it which is a plant based psychedelic

Question 12

Explain the history of Hallucinogens: Include where they come from and how they were used

Answer 12

Hallucinogens originally come from plants. Before the 60’s they were primarily used and restricted to religious ceremonies in an effort to communicate with the gods

Question 13

Why is LSD considered the most potent hallucinogen?

Answer 13

The typical dose is 100 micrograms

Question 14

Jake took LSD about 30 to 40 minutes ago, what effects is he most likely having?

Answer 14

He will most likely be experiencing alterations in his mood and perception

Question 15

Jake is now in the 1 hour mark of his LSD journey, what is he most likely experiencing?

Answer 15

Full blown distortion

Question 16

How long is LDS and its metabolites present in the body

Answer 16

73 hours

Question 17

When a person takes LSD, what physiological effects will you most likely see

Answer 17

LSD is a sympathomimetic so it mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. A person will have a slight increase in their heart rate, blood pressure, and dilated pupils.

They will also experience dizziness or stomach aches with muscle twitching or numbness

Question 18

LSD will have Subjective Effects, meaning effects people can tell you what they are feeling. What are they?

Answer 18

pseudo-hallucinations meaning there is an altered perception of things that are already there. Synesthesia is when a person will experience sensory information in an incorrect sensory modality (seeing music, tasting a color). and Lastly, Hypersuggestibility where someone is easily influenced

Question 19

Can Jake develop a tolerance or dependence for LSD

Answer 19

There is very little dependence a person can have with LSD but tolerance can develop. Tolerance is considered fast and robust that may lead to the tolerance of other hallucinogens

Question 20

Jake is having some adverse reactions to taking LSD, what 4 things could he be experiencing?

Answer 20

1. A bad trip
2. A panic reaction causing him to have a pounding heart and shallow breathing
3. A flashback to a previous trip
4. An HPPD, Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, where he is persistently experiencing visual hallucinations or perceptual distortions

Question 21

What is one way Jake can be medically treated for an adverse reaction to LSD

Answer 21

Jake can be injected with a serotonin antagonist or an injection of chlorpromazine

Question 22

A mixed Stimulant-Psychedelic produces both ______

Answer 22

both a psychostimulant and a hallucinogenic effect

Question 23

Where are you most likely to find mixed stimulant-psychedelics being used?

Answer 23

At raves, which give it the name Rave drugs

Question 24

Macy decided she wanted to try MDMA, what are some positive aspects she many be experiencing?

Answer 24

1. Entactogen - a sense of warmth/wellbeing
2. Empathogen - Enhanced empathy
   She may want to socialize more and have a rapid heartrate
   She may also have mild sensory distortions

Question 25

Mary is experiencing an adverse effect of MDMA, what is it called?

Answer 25

Neurotoxicity because MDMA is a potent serotonergic neurotoxin

Question 26

In humans neurotoxicity of MDMA ca cause what?

Answer 26

1. a reduction in 5-HIAA levels which is the main metabolite for serotonin
2. Decreased Serotonin transporter numbers
3. Decreased binding at serotonin reuptake sites

Question 27

Besides Neurotoxicity with MDMA, what other adverse symptoms may Mary be experiencing?

Answer 27

Multiple organ failure and MDMA rebound which can include depression and lethargy while waiting for replenishment of Dopamine and serotonin

Question 28

Mary decided she wanted to use MDMA chronically, what are some things she may be experiencing?

Answer 28

A sleep disorder
depression
anxiety
impulsiveness and memory impairment

Question 29

What drug within dissociative anesthetic is a good pain reliever or muscle relaxant that did not produce sleep

Answer 29

PCP (angel dust)

Question 30

Page has been using PCP, what are some of the effects she may be experiencing?

Answer 30

Amnesia
Analgesia - Pain relief
Numbness
Perceptual Disturbances and Hallucinations
Paranoia and Aggressive behavior