Chapter 7: The Axial Skeleton

Question 1

middle and inner ear cavities

Answer 1

lateral aspect of cranial base

Question 2

nasal cavity

Answer 2

lies in and posterior to the nose

Question 3

orbits

Answer 3

house the eyes

Question 4

air-filled sinuses

Answer 4

occur in several bones around the nasal cavity

Question 5

coronal suture

Answer 5

runs in the coronal plane; located where parietal bones meet the frontal bone

Question 6

squamosal suture

Answer 6

occurs where each parietal bone meets a temporal bone inferiorly

Question 7

sagittal suture

Answer 7

occurs where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly

Question 8

lambdoid suture

Answer 8

occurs where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

Question 9

supraorbital margin

Answer 9

superior margin of orbits; contains the supraorbital foramen, notch, or fossa

Question 10

glabella

Answer 10

smooth part of the frontal bone between the superciliary arches

Question 11

frontal sinuses

Answer 11

with frontal bone; lateral to the glabella

Question 12

squamous part

Answer 12

abuts the squamous suture

Question 13

tympanic part

Answer 13

surrounds the external acoustic meatus

Question 14

petrous part

Answer 14

projects medially, contributes to cranial base; houses cavities of middle and internal ear

Question 15

foramina of the temporal bone

Answer 15

jugular foramen, foramen lacerum, carotid canal, internal acoustic meatus, stylomastoid foramen

Question 16

cribiform plate

Answer 16

superior surface of the ethmoid bone; contains cribiform foramina

Question 17

crista galli

Answer 17

lies at midline of the cribriform plate & attachment for one of the meninges

Question 18

perpendicular plate

Answer 18

forms superior part of nasal septum

Question 19

ethmoidal labyrinth

Answer 19

contain ethmoidal air cells

Question 20

superior and middle nasal conchae

Answer 20

extend medially from ethmoidal labyrinth

Question 21

number of vetebrae

Answer 21

7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 5 lumbar vertebrae

Question 22

nucleus pulposus

Answer 22

gelatinous inner sphere; absorbs compressive stresses

Question 23

anulus fibrosus

Answer 23

outer rings formed of ligament; inner rings formed of fibrocartilage; contain the nucleus pulposus

Question 24

anterior sacral foramina

Answer 24

transmit the ventral divisions of the sacral spinal nerves

Question 25

ala

Answer 25

develops from fused rib elements

Question 26

posterior sacral foramina

Answer 26

transmit the dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves

Question 27

lateral sacral crest

Answer 27

reprent the trips of the transverse processes

Question 28

median sacral crest

Answer 28

represents the fused spinous processes

Question 29

coccyx

Answer 29

“tailbone”; formed from 3-5 fused vertebrae; offers slight support to pelvic organs

Question 30

functions of thoracic cage

Answer 30

protects thoracic organs; supports shoulder girdle and upper limbs; provides attachment sites for muscles

Question 31

manubrium

Answer 31

superior section of sternum; articulates with medial end of clavicles at clavicular notches

Question 32

body of sternum

Answer 32

bulk of sternum; sides are notched at articulations for costal cartilage of ribs 2-7

Question 33

xiphoid process

Answer 33

inferior end of sternum; ossifies around age 40

Question 34

jugular notch

Answer 34

central indentation at superior border of the manubrium

Question 35

sternal angle

Answer 35

a horizontal ridge where the manubrium joins the body

Question 36

xiphisternal joint

Answer 36

where sternal body and xiphoid process fuse

Question 37

true ribs

Answer 37

superior seven pairs of ribs

Question 38

false ribs

Answer 38

inferior five pairs of ribs

Question 39

floating ribs

Answer 39

ribs 11-12

Question 40

costal groove

Answer 40

intercostal nerves and vessels located here

Question 41

head of rib

Answer 41

articulates with the vertebral bodies by two facets

Question 42

neck of rib

Answer 42

most constricted region