Chapter 8 and 9: the Appendicular Skeleton and Joints

Question 1

Clavicle

Answer 1

Only bone that articulates with the axial skeleton

Question 2

interosseous membrane

Answer 2

connects radius and ulna; syndesmoses (diarthrosis)

Question 3

carpus

Answer 3

wrist

Question 4

metacarpus

Answer 4

deep to the palm

Question 5

phalanges

Answer 5

fingers

Question 6

acetabulum

Answer 6

formed by the joining of the ischium, illium, and pubis

Question 7

sesamoid bone

Answer 7

forms within a tendon ex: patella

Question 8

tibia

Answer 8

more massive medial bone of the leg; receives weight of the body from the femur when standing directly up

Question 9

fibula

Answer 9

stick-like lateral bone of the leg

Question 10

bones in the foots

Answer 10

7 tarsal bones

Question 11

trochlea of the talus

Answer 11

site of articulation with the tibia and fibula

Question 12

synarthroses

Answer 12

immovable; common in axial skeleton

Question 13

amphiarthroses

Answer 13

slightly movable; common in axial skeleton

Question 14

diarthroses

Answer 14

freely movable; common in appendicular skeleton (all synovial joints)

Question 15

Structural classification of joints

Answer 15

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 16

fibrous joints

Answer 16

bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue and have no joint cavity

Question 17

suture

Answer 17

fibrous joint; tight, minimal amount of fibrous tissue, skull only

Question 18

synostes

Answer 18

closed sutures; ossify in middle age

Question 19

syndesmoses

Answer 19

fibrous joint; connected exclusively by ligaments; amount of movement depends on length of fibers

Question 20

tibiofibular joint

Answer 20

syndesmoses; immovable (synarthrosis)

Question 21

gomphoses

Answer 21

fibrous joint; peg-in-socket joint; connected to mandible or maxillary by the periodontal ligament (tooth in a socket)

Question 22

cartilaginous joints

Answer 22

bones are united by cartilage; no joint cavity; not highly moveable

Question 23

synchondroses

Answer 23

cartilaginous joint where hyalin cartilage unites the bones; epiphyseal plates; joint between first rib and manubrium

Question 24

symphyses

Answer 24

cartilaginous joint where fibrocartilage unites the bones; hyaline cartilage on the bony surfaces and fibrocartilage in center; ex: intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

Question 25

synovial joints

Answer 25

most movable type of joint (diarthroses); each contains a fluid-filled joint cavity

Question 26

articular cartilage

Answer 26

ends of bones covered with hyaline cartilage; absorbs compression

Question 27

joint cavity

Answer 27

potential space that holds a small amount of synovial fluid

Question 28

articular capsule

Answer 28

joint cavity is enclose in a two-layered capsule; outer fibrous layer

Question 29

synovial membrane

Answer 29

loose connective tissue; lines joint capsule makes synovial fluid

Question 30

synovial fluid

Answer 30

viscous liquid inside joint cavity; filtrate of blood; glycoprotein molecules; weeping lubrication

Question 31

reinforcing ligaments

Answer 31

thickened parts of the fibrous capsule; extracapsular ligaments and intracapsular ligaments

Question 32

bursa

Answer 32

flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane; not synovial joints

Question 33

tendone sheath

Answer 33

elongated bursa wrapped around a tendon; not synovial joints

Question 34

gliding

Answer 34

one bone across the surface of another

Question 35

angular movement

Answer 35

movements change the angle

Question 36

rotation

Answer 36

turning movement in a bone around longitudinal axis

Question 37

nonaxial

Answer 37

adjoining bones do not move around a specific

Question 38

uniaxial

Answer 38

movement occurs around a single axis

Question 39

biaxial

Answer 39

movement can occur around two axes

Question 40

multiaxial

Answer 40

movement can occur around all three axes and planes

Question 41

types of synovial joints

Answer 41

plane, hinge, pivot, and condylar

Question 42

factors influencing stability of synovial joints

Answer 42

articular surfaces; ligaments; and muscle tone