Chapter 7

Question 1

What motivated European countries to develop trade networks?

Answer 1

desire to get natural resources that were not available where they lived

Question 2

International trade

Answer 2

interchange of raw materials and manufactured goods among distant groups of people.

Question 3

Wh is the trading route from the Roman empire to China called?

Answer 3

The Silk Road

Question 4

What did traders share besides goods on the silk road?

Answer 4

Knowledge, inventions, religious beliefs, artistic styles, languages and social customs.

Question 5

What did the Chinese want from nomads?

Answer 5

camels and horses, in return the Chinese would give silk

Question 6

Mercantilism

Answer 6

a system of government sponsored international business ventures designed to make European monarchs rich

Question 7

What made mercantilism Eurocentric?

Answer 7

It benefited the europeans more than the colonies, from the 16th to 19th century

Question 8

capitalism

Answer 8

an economic system for increasing individual wealth, requiring a relatively free market, open competition, profit motive, and at least some private ownership of the means of production.

Question 9

Positive values of capitalism

Answer 9

competition, economic freedom, personal responsibility and consumerism.

Question 10

Free market

Answer 10

a market in which government would regulate nothing and all businesses and property would be privately owned.

Question 11

Why is canada a ‘relative’ free market

Answer 11

There is some degree of government ownership and control.

Question 12

Who is Adam Smith?

Answer 12

A scottish philosopher and economist.He was a critic of mercantilism. He wanted a society of perfect liberty where economic grown would increase naturally and rapidly if entrepreneurs were free of government restrictions.

Question 13

Entrepreneurs

Answer 13

People who take risks by launching business ventures.

Question 14

How do entrepreneurs benefit society?

Answer 14

They reinvest their profits, imply people, donate to charity and they create a product that is of value to others.

Question 15

Who supported capitalism?

Answer 15

Businessmen

Question 16

exploitation

Answer 16

The use of a person or group for selfish purposes

Question 17

What did Karl Marx believe?

Answer 17

He believed capitalism oppresses the ordinary workers who make the goods.

Question 18

oppress

Answer 18

take advantage of

Question 19

Communism

Answer 19

a planned economic system in which government owns all means of production and all people work for government-owned and government run enterprises. EX: russia, China and Cuba

Question 20

Who is Deng Xiaoping

Answer 20

The leader of China for a decade or more who led his country to limited capitalism and consumerism in the 1980’s. I his view, communism didnt help China develop. He thought capitalism could do that. Since then it has become a major player in globalization because of opening its doors to investment and trade.

Question 21

Positive results of China entering trade

Answer 21

• growing middles class, with disposable income that is larger than the US
• more prosperity for the majority living in rural area
• farmers have larger houses with a variety of styles that show their greater wealth and individualism
• farmers are buying their own tools and vehicles and are able to lease land for a longer time
• more choice about where to live, work and learn

Question 22

Negative results of China entering trade

Answer 22

• reform and abolishment of state owned enterprise resulted in unemployment and demands for a social safety net
  economic development has worked environmental degradation like the Three Gorges Project to dam the Yangtze River
• other social problems have started like homelessness, social deviancy in youth, growing lack of ethical values
• more divorce
• one child policy created ‘little emperors and empresses who are selfish, unto-operative with the group and overweight

Question 23

First industrial country

Answer 23

Britain

Question 24

industrial revolution

Answer 24

The combination of social and economic changes brought about by the extensive use of machinery in production, especially in great Britain in the 18th and 19th century

Question 25

Main forms of early energy in industry.

Answer 25

Water wind or human energy. with the limitation of not being powerful, reliable or practical enough.

Question 26

What invention was an important source of new energy?

Answer 26

The steam engine.

Question 27

Cottage industry

Answer 27

an early stage of economic development in which workers produce limited numbers of goods xBenefits of industrialization

Question 28

Benefits of industrialization

Answer 28

some peoples lives improved because they could afford to buy less expensive goods

Question 29

Harmful results of inventions and industrialization

Answer 29

Unhealthy and unsafe work conditions for me, women and children employed in the coal mines, cotton mills and textile factories

Question 30

Benefits of working at home in a cottage industry

Answer 30

freedom and flexibility to set work schedules, mothers could keep their children with them while thy worked, people didn’t have to communte

Question 31

Disadvantages of working in a cottage industry

Answer 31

having to set and meet goals, no social contact with other workers, no guarantee of income

Question 32

Cash nexus

Answer 32

exchange of money. This as a substitution for the human tie may have resulted from values of capitalism . Capitalism does not focus on relationship or direct interpersonal communication. Employees are at a disadvantage because they become faceless workers rather than people.

Question 33

imperialism

Answer 33

an association between peoples that intentionally benefits one people over another.

Question 34

Eurocentrism

Answer 34

a belief that the European world view is better that all others.

Question 35

How many empire building countries were engaged in empire building ?

Answer 35

11

Question 36

Home many non European countries were engaged in empire building

Answer 36

1

Question 37

Impacts of imperialism

Answer 37

• indigeous people were displaced by european settlement in colonies
• indigenous peoples adapted their ways of life to function within the European economic system