Chapter 4

Question 1

Homogenization of culture: a trend towards uniformity, as with world popular culture as a result of globalization.

Answer 1

a consequence of globalization, a trend towards uniformity (cultures become very similar), as with world popular culture as a result of globalization. It is a criticism of globalization, one that cultures try to prevent.

Question 2

Monoculture:

Answer 2

a single culture that lacks diversity as a result of globalization.
- popular culture is spreading faster due to media and globilizations

Question 3

Reasons for migration

Answer 3

• skilled workers are seeking best possible working conditions and they may be in other countries
  -refugees are migration to safer countries
  both of these further progress globilization

Question 4

Assimilation:

Answer 4

The absorption & integration of people, ideas, or culture into a wider society or culture

Question 5

How does assimilation occur?

Answer 5

• it can be forced, ex: residential schools
• can happen voluntarily if the assimilating group thinks it will benefit them to assimilate.

Question 6

What languages did the BNA act of 1867 protect?

Answer 6

• french and english
• during this time the first nations groups were loosing their language and forced to assimilate

Question 7

What did the immigration Act of 1919 require in respect to language?

Answer 7

all immigrants needed to pass and English literacy test (not a french option)

Question 8

Despite Canada being a ‘bilingual nation” there is only one province truly bilingual. Which one is it?

Answer 8

New Brunswick.

Question 9

Marginalization:

Answer 9

the exclusion of people from social, political, or economic standpoints.

Question 10

When does marginalization become an issues?

Answer 10

• becomes an issue as globalization leads to many cultures converging on the same issue.
• cultures that are in a minority or have little influence may see their concerns or issues being placed at a lower priority than those in a position of power or in the majority.
• colonization marginalized people and resulted in them taking a groups resources, land and power
• when culture land and identity are taken away

Question 11

How many of Cape Cape York Peninsula are indigenous?

Answer 11

over half

Question 12

What challenges do the indigenous Australians of Cape York Peninsula face?

Answer 12

poverty, disease, dependence on social assistance, and low life expectancy.

Question 13

What is interesting about the Australians of Cape York Peninsula?

Answer 13

Their community is a stronghold of Indigenous culture, language, traditions, and societal practices.

Question 14

Do Canadian Aboriginals face the same issues as the Australian Aboriginals?

Answer 14

yes.

Question 15

What have the Indigenous Australians of Cape York Peninsula achieved and how did they do it?

Answer 15

Throughout the 1990’s they restored some land rights through protest and social campaigns.

Question 16

What did the Australian government issue in 1999?

Answer 16

A statement of regret, not apology for the mistreatment of Indigenous Australians.

Question 17

What did Prime Minister Kevin Rudd do formally in 2008?

Answer 17

Apologize for the laws and policies of former governments.

Question 18

What did Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada do on June 11, 2008?

Answer 18

Apologized for the residential school system and all of its atrocities.

Question 19

How were Lubicon Land claims affected by economic globalization?

Answer 19

• the demand for oil
• Deep Well Oil and Gass began clearing land in 2005 from land it leased from the province of Alberta for oil development
• the province granted the lease despite an unsettled land claim for protection of the tractional lands of the Lubicon Lake Nation.

Question 20

Why did the Lubicon Lake Nation protest the development of the land?

Answer 20

They protested for legal, tutorial and also environmental concerns - oil and gas development in the area had a negative impact on the lives and livelihoods of Lubicon people

Question 21

What factors played into the expansion of oil and gas on the LUbicon land?

Answer 21

• the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had a clause that completed Canada to maintain its level of oil exports to the US
• Albert government wanted to develop the oils sands by national and multination companies to improve the economy
• 1979 - 198 400 weals were dug within 24 km of the Lubicon community which caused a disruption of moose and the income of trappers plummeted - the Lubicon couldn’t live traditionally
• by the early 1990’s 90% of the Lubicon were on social assistance
• relations between the Lubicon and Gov of AB were strained by a history of marginalization
• ## Grimshaw Accord of 1988 would have created an official reserve but the AB gov’t withdrew from the agreement before it could be finalized

Question 22

What happened when the talks broke off with the Lubecon Nation in 2003?

Answer 22

the Lubicon Nation sent a delegation to geneva Switzerland in Oct 2005 to ask the UN Human right committee for help. The committee sited the Canadian gov’t twice for violating human rights. June 2006 the UN committee on economic, social and Cultural Rights issues a third similar ruling.

Question 23

What was the corporations (Deep Well Oil and Gas) position on the Lubicon Nation Land Treaty?

Answer 23

Legal ownership and beneficial title to the land involved is with the Province of Albert. - the corporation said it wasn’t their problem because the gov’t was responsible for the land and signing a treaty with the Lubicon

Question 24

What was the Lubicon Position on the LUbicon land claims?

Answer 24

“The Lubicon Lake Indian Nation has never ceded Aboriginal title to our lands in any treaty and we have never been consulted about these leases or the company’s resource exploitation plans. … We will continue to oppose any further development until our concerns have been addressed.” (Chief Bernard Ominayak of the Lubicon Lake Nation,

Question 25

What was the Federal Government’s position on the Lubicon Land Claim?

Answer 25

They acknowledged the failure to negotiate with the Lubicon and the need to establish legal agreements and a reserve on Lubicon territory since 1939 but Ottawa has not yet done anything to change the situation.

Question 26

accommodation;

Answer 26

an inclusive approach that allows religious or ethnic groups to maintain their distinctive cultures within mainstream society

Question 27

What are examples of an accommodation and identity?

Answer 27

Sikh RCMP officer can wear a modified turban instead of standard police hats
airports around the world have prayer rooms for Muslim travelers
-schools have prayer rooms and multi-faith rooms

Question 28

Secularism:

Answer 28

the complete separation between matters of states (government) and religion

Question 29

What are laws passed in France that allow secularism?

Answer 29

-2004 law that bans all religious symbols/clothing from public schools
-students wearing them were suspended or expelled read p. 87 two worlds to get a different perspective

Question 30

Integration:

Answer 30

• the incorporation of diverse minority groups into mainstream society.
• Integration does not only mean allowing individuals to express their identity, it means accepting and respecting their identity.

ESL programs, allowing freedom of religious expression, LGBTQ programs, etc. all are examples of integration and acceptance.
It begs the question: is there a definitive “Canadian” identity? Should we promote a “Canadian” identity? How do we create cohesiveness with millions of people, without a singular identity?

Question 31

what are examples of integration?

Answer 31

ESL programs, allowing freedom of religious expression, LGBTQ programs, etc. all are examples of integration and acceptance.
It begs the question: is there a definitive “Canadian” identity? Should we promote a “Canadian” identity? How do we create cohesiveness with millions of people, without a singular identity?