Nervous system

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

Body system that includes brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 2

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 2

Part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord
Doesn’t include nerves or neurones

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

Made up of neurones and nerves

Question 4

Where is the spinal cord?

Answer 4

In the back of the neck

Question 5

Receptors

Answer 5

Cells that detect a stimulus

Question 6

Stimuli

Answer 6

Changes in the environment such as light, heat, sound, gravity, smell, taste, or temp

Question 7

Where are the electrical impulses picked up by receptor cells sent down by?

Answer 7

Neurones aka nerve cells

Question 8

Where do nerve cells send the electrical impulse to?

Answer 8

Central nervous system

Question 9

What does the central nervous system do after receiving the impulse?

Answer 9

Sends more electrical impulses to effector cells

Question 10

Effectors

Answer 10

Muscles/ glands that cause a response to change in stimuli
NOT nerves or neurones

Question 11

Examples of what an effector could be

Answer 11

Muscle that moves after being burnt
Gland that secretes a hormone

Question 12

Reflex arc

Answer 12

System how the body reacts on impulse to protect itself from being hurt
Without connection to conscious part of the brain

Question 13

What makes a reflex arc different?

Answer 13

No connection to conscious part of brain thus decision made without thinking, therefore it’s very rapid
This is called an impulse

Question 14

Beginning of a reflex arc if you burnt your finger?

Answer 14

Stimulus (burn) detected by receptors in the skin

Question 15

In a reflex arc, what do the receptors do after detecting a stimulus?

Answer 15

Send electrical impulses down a sensory neurone that it’s connected to

Question 16

What is at the end of a sensory neurone?

Answer 16

A synapse, connected to CNS

Question 17

What do the first synapses do in a reflex arc?

Answer 17

Send a chemical, diffusing through to a relay neurone in the CNS

Question 18

What does the relay neurone do in a reflex arc?

Answer 18

Releases another chemical, causing electrical impulse across from relay neurone to motor neurone

Question 19

What does the motor neurone do after receiving electrical impulse?

Answer 19

Passes the electrical impulse down an effector

Question 20

If the effector is a muscle in a reflex arc, after your hand is burnt, what will it do?

Answer 20

Contract and move the hand away from the burn to protect itself

Question 21

What does the brain contain?

Answer 21

Millions of Interconnected neurones

Question 22

Cerebral cortex

Answer 22

Part of the brain controlling language, memory and consciousness

Question 23

Cerebellum

Answer 23

Part of the brain controlling balance and coordinates movements

Question 24

Medulla

Answer 24

Controls heart rate and breathing rate

Question 25

What area of the brain is the cerebral cortex located?

Answer 25

Large, folded outer part

Question 26

Which part of the brain is the cerebellum located?

Answer 26

Bellow the cerebral cortex, the smaller ball looking part

Question 27

Which part is the medulla located?

Answer 27

The smallest stub part

Question 28

Why is the brain difficult to study or treat illnesses inside?

Answer 28

Brain protected by skull, so difficult to access
Structures of the brain very complex, difficult to work out which parts control what
Very delicate and easy to damage

Question 29

3 ways scientists study the brain

Answer 29

-Study someone with brain damage to correlate where the damage is to what it effects
-Electrically stimulate parts of the brain and see change in behaviour
-MRI scanning to see what parts are active during various activities

Question 30

Normal nervous system response summary

Answer 30

stimulus —> receptor —> coordinator (brain) —>effector (muscle/gland) —>response

Question 31

Reflex arc summary

Answer 31

Receptor —> sensory neurone —> Synapse —> chemicals diffused —> motor neurone —> effector —> response