Unit 1 test Flashcards
Scientific revolution
New directions in thought and culture as natural philosophy embraced new ideas. The Scientific Revolution was not a rapid change but rather a gradual shift in thinking
Geocentric Theory
The belief that the earth is the center of the solar system and all planets revolve around it
Heliocentric Theory
The belief that the Sun is the center of the solar system and all planets revolve around it
How did people in Europe understand the world before the Scientific Revolution
Through religion, superstition, or outdated ideas from Greeks
Copernicus
A key early scientist to contribute to the Scientific Revolution as he theorized heliocentrism
Galileo
A scientist that proved Copernicus’ heliocentric theory with his creation of the telescope. He was persecuted for his works and was put on trial by the Catholic Church for going against the faith
Isaac Newton
Formulated his theory of universal gravitation (law of gravity) at 24 but didn’t
Causes of the English Civil War
Absolute monarchy vs. Limited monarchy
Impact of the English Civil War
King James II was overthrown and replaced by William and Mary in a bloodless coup. Upon taking the throne William and Mary agreed to terms of governing under a constitutional monarchy in which the cornerstone was a document known as the English Bill of Rights. Influenced revolutions and the concepts of rights in France and the Americas
Magna Carta
A charter that restricted the kings rule to a limited amount of power with the Parliament.
Oliver Cromwell
English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War/Puritan Revolution
Influence of Scientific Revolution on the Enlightenment
influenced the development of the Enlightenment values of individualism because it demonstrated the power of the human mind
John Locke
English philosopher-He believed in the social contract that government should be limited, and its main purpose is to protect citizens’ freedoms and property in what he called their “Natural Rights”
Natural Rights of Man
Life, Liberty and Property
Thomas Hobbes
He believed man was naturally greedy and selfish, and decided the only way to control man’s need for constant war was an absolute ruler