Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurocognition > Literatuur week 4 Attention > Flashcards

Literatuur week 4 Attention Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of attention is determined by the current goals of the observer?

A

Top-down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of attention is determined by the physical characteristics of the scene?

A

Bottom-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of phenomena can’t be explained by either top-down or bottom-up?

A

Selection history and Reward history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the three distinct categories of selection bias

A
  1. Current goals
  2. Selection history
  3. Physical salience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some symptoms of ADHD?

A

Difficulty in attending to relevant cues, maintaining attention for prolonged periods of time, fidgety and restless, overtly agressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name three biological factors dor ADHD

A
  1. Dysfunctional neurotransmitter system (results in lower catecholamine levels)
  2. Reduced blood flow to the PFC
  3. Heredity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an Ischemic infarct?

A

Obstruction of an artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an embolic infarct and what are the complications?

A

Infarct in major cerebral artery, often destroys grey matter causing motor, perceptual and cognitive deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a cerebral haemorrhage?

A

Result of a burst blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a subarachnoidal haemorrhage?

A

Burst of a blood vessel in the protective layers surrounding the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Infarct in the temporal, parietal and frontal lobes can affect which functions?

A

Language, memory and attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A patient with … does not ackowledge any stimulation from the side contralateral to the damaged hemisphere

A

Neglect (Neglect kan ruimte-gebaseerd of object-gebaseerd. Zo kan men de rechterkant van het visuele veld negeren of van een specifiek object)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a form of visual neglect in which a previously visible stimulus in one half of the visual field is not consciously reported when a second stimulus appears simultaneously in the other half of the visual field?

A

Extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What syndrome is characterized by difficulty in fixating eyes, executing controlled movements and processing visual scenes?

A

Balint’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Difficulty with fixating on a certain position in space is called?

A

Ocular apraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disorder in visually guiding motor behaviour is called?

A

Optic ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inhability to simultaneously percieve different aspects of an object is called?

A

Simultanagnosia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bruising of the brain that has been in contact with the inside surface of the skull is called?

A

Coup effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is primary damage?

A

Bruising of the brain

20
Q

Lacerated blood vessels that leads to interacerebral haemorrhage or swelling is called?

A

Secondary damage

21
Q

What may occur when the head is swung forward and backward, resulting in hyperflexion and hyperextension of the neck?

A

Whiplash

22
Q

A … can cause deficits in divided attention, concentration and high sensability to interference

A

Whiplash

23
Q

Neurological patients often complain about?

A

Low arousal, poor concentration, deficit in dived attention, sustained attention and cognitive control

24
Q

… refers to an overall decline in mental functioning and involved developmental of multiple cognitive and bevaiour deficits, including memory impairment

A

Dementia

25
Q

What is the main form of cortical dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

26
Q

How does Alzheimer’s expresses itself?

A

Enlarged ventricles, cortical atrophy and brain abnormalities

27
Q

What are the most prominent subcortical dementias?

A

Parkinson’s & Huntington’s disease

28
Q

What is the primary cause of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Degeneration of the brain stem nuclei, substantia nigra

29
Q

Damage to the substantia nigra in Parkinson’s disease leads to?

A

Decrease of the neurotransmitter dopamine

30
Q

Cognitive deficits of Parkinson’s include?

A

Memory and selective attention dysfuntion and decrease in mental flexibility

31
Q

What is the primary cause of Huntington’s disease? (after gene mutation)

A

Degeneration of the caudate nucleus

32
Q

Where do patients of Huntington’s suffer from? (cognitive symptoms)

A

Reduction in mental speed and deficit in the retrieval of information.

33
Q

What causes are involved in Schizophrenia?

A

Genetic and environmental factors (exact cause unknown)

34
Q

Which cognitive areas are impaired in depression?

A

Concentration, memory and somatic system

35
Q

What kind of attention is impaired in depression and what kind of attentions remains unimpaired?

A

Selective and sustained attention impaired. Attention span and devided attention unimpaired

36
Q

What is the Stroop test

A

Requires individuals to view a list of words that are printed in a different color than the meaning of the word - measures reaction time

37
Q

What is the Posner flanker task?

A

The subject looks only at a fixation point in the center of the screen. Directional cues such as an arrow draw attention to the left or right flank (side) of the fixation point, but no eye movements are allowed - assess visual attention

38
Q

The ANT task is a generalized version of the flanker task. Which three seperate aspects of attention are tested?

A
  1. Alerting before an expected signal
  2. Orienting to a specific location in space
  3. Executive attention
39
Q

Which brain areas are invloved in alertness?

A

Right frontal and parietal regions. Also requires waking state which depends ons the brainstem, thalamus and cortex

40
Q

Which brain areas are invloved in orienting?

A

Right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)

41
Q

Itti and Koch developed a model that shows a simplified concept of the visual system. The visual map shows three things, what are those?

A
  1. Orientation, intensity and color (salience)
42
Q

Which attention network is involved in top-down attention?

A

Dorsal attention system

43
Q

Which attention network is involved in bottum-up attention?

A

Ventral attention system

44
Q

What is Hemianopia?

A

Visual defects that occupy about half of an eye’s visual space

45
Q

What is a water-shed infarct and what are the complications?

A

Low blood pressure resulting in no blood flow to far places. Gives motor weakness, language problems

46
Q

What is a lacunar infarct?

A

Occurs when an artery that supplies blood to the deeper portions of the brain becomes blocked.

Neurocognition (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions