Cancer Flashcards
Is done on those who are believed to have a disease. involves specific tests (Eg.biopsies, microscopic examination)
Testing
Involves general examinations (eg. mammography) done on apparently healthy people to identify those who may potentially have a disease
Screening
Which one of the following is not true
-Early detection can greatly increase the prospects for survival for an individual with breast cancer
- Ovarian cancer can be detected by the PAP test that looks for abnormal cells in the ovaries
-The environmental agents that cause cancer have been difficult to identify because of the long latent period for the disease.
-There are large individual differences in susceptibility to a specific carcinogen.
Cancers can metastasize from their site of origin to other tissues in the body
Ovarian cancer can be detected by the Pap test which looks for abnormal cells in the ovaries.
the conventional definition of “cure” for cancer?
The person is still living five years after the original diagnosis
Which ONE of the following statements is NOT true?
Malignant melanoma is a common but benign form of skin cancer
Over 50% of cases of lung cancer are caused by cigarette smoking.
Five-year survival rates are better for most or all types of cancer when the cancer is detected while it is still localized.
The ultraviolet rays from sunlight or sun-tanning booths causes aging of the skin.
Cancer involves an uncontrolled multiplication of cells.
Malignant melanoma is a common but benign form of skin cancer
Which ONE of the following statements is TRUE?
d. Lung cancer mortality in Canada has declined in the last 20 years.
a. A benign tumour cannot kill a person.
c. Environmental carcinogens have been difficult to identify because of the long latent period for many cancers.
b. Annual chest x-rays are highly effective at early detection of lung cancer.
e. Breast implants increase risk of getting breast cancer.
Environmental carcinogens have been difficult to identify because of the long latent period for many cancers.
Which ONE of the following actions is LEAST related to cancer mortality?
a. tobacco use
c. consumption of sugar
b. consumption of fat
d. regular medical examinations
e. family history of cancer
Consumption of sugar
Which ONE of the following statements is NOT true?
b. Asbestos and tobacco smoking have a multiplicative effect on lung cancer risk.
d. Early detection can greatly increase the prospects for survival for an individual with breast cancer.
e. Skin cancer is the most common fatal cancer among Canadians.
a. Cancers can metastasize from their site of origin to other tissues in the body.
c. Some types of cancer are caused by viruses.
e. Skin cancer is the most common fatal cancer among Canadians.
Which ONE of the following statements is NOT true?
b. Early detection can greatly increase the prospects for survival for an individual with breast cancer.
c. The environmental agents that cause cancer have been difficult to identify because of the long latent period for the disease.
a. Cancer patients are usually segregated from other patients to prevent transmission of the virus which causes cancer.
d. There are large individual differences in susceptibility to a specific carcinogen.
a. Cancer patients are usually segregated from other patients to prevent transmission of the virus which causes cancer.
Colorectal cancer is more common in all of the following EXCEPT which?
c. People with family history of colorectal
a. People who eat a high-fibre diet
e. People who eat a lot of meat
d. People who have growths on the inside of their intestines
b. Men with sedentary jobs
a. People who eat a high-fibre diet
the abnormal uncontrolled multiplication of cells due to genetic (DNA) mutations that disrupts the cell cycle
Cancer
Carcinogenic Chemicals
eg. benzene, aflatoxins, nickel, ethanol
Radiation
eg. ultraviolet, X-ray
Pathogens
eg. HPV, H.pylori
Bacterium
Causes of cancer
Modification of the genetic material of cancer cells and/or immune cells.
Use of altered viruses to deliver genetic material.
EX CRISPR
Gene Therapy
Effective against cancers that are helped by hormones (eg. breast, prostate, ovarian)
Drugs used to block hormone receptors or lower hormone levels
Hormone therapy
Stimulating the immune system with drugs
Giving immune system components (eg. antibodies)
Ex cancer vaccines for HPV, Hep B
Immunotherapy
