Fertility & Fertility Management Flashcards
IUD Implanted Contraceptives
-Typically hormonal
-Prevents fertilization
Pros:
Lasts approx 3-5 years
May stop menstruation
effective immediately
reduces the risk of some cancers
Cons:
No protection against STI’s
expensive
Needs to be inserted
cramps, expulsion
Diaphragm (barrier, non-hormonal)
Pro; can insert up to 6 hours prior to intercourse; protects for 6 hours
Con: needs to be fitted; more expensive; can be moved out of place must be left in place for 6 hours after sex
Hormonal ring
Pros: 3 weeks of protection at a time; shorter lighter periods
Cons: doesn’t protect against STIs; may be side effects
Injectable Contraceptive
Pros: 3 months of protection; effective discrete
Cons: doesn’t protect against STI’s; menstrual irregularities
Contraceptive Patch
Pro’s: effective; discrete
Cons: doesn’t protect against STI’s; side effects
Natural Birth control Methods
Abstinence
Outercourse
Coitus Interrupts (withdrawal)
Fertility awareness
-cervical mucus/ovulation method
- Calendar/rhythm method
-Basal body temperature method
Prescription Contraceptives
Hormonal:
“The pill “;contraceptive ring, patch, implants; intrauterine device (IUD)
Mimick pregnancy hormones tricking the body into thinking it is pregnant; prevents ovulation
Barrier (non-hormonal)
-Diaphragm/cervical cap
-Need to be fitted
Injectable Contraceptive
Pros: 3 months of protection; effective; discrete
Cons: doesn’t protect against STI’s; menstrual irregularities
Abortion
Medical abortion, dilation and curettage or vacuum aspiration to empty contents
Not normally performed after 24 weeks
Legal; MSP covers costs in BC
Pregnancy Trimesters
First trimester
- Morning sickness
- Higher risk of spontaneous abortion
Second trimester
-Abdomen starts to noticeably swell
-Movement of baby first evidenced
Third trimester
- Rapid fetal growth
Keys to a healthy pregnancy
Eat sensibly: Second and third trimester females should eat a bit more
Pregnant women are at increased risk of infection
Avoid sodium nitrite and nitrate ( can be carcinogenic)
Ensure Adequate intake of folic acid
(prevents neural tube defects, required for DNA replication)
Keys to a healthy pregnancy cont’d
Avoid alcohol, tobacco, limit caffeine
Moderate levels of physical activity
Sexual intercourse is safe
Avoid drugs toxins heavy metals
Some prescription drugs are okay
breathe clean air
Drink clean water
Childbirth
Stage 1 of labour
Stage 2 of labour
Delivery of the baby
Stage 3 of labour
expulsion of the placenta
Breastfeeding
Decreases newborn’s risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and allergies
Increases immune system
Increases bonding
acts as natural birth control; helps mother heal
Health Canada recommends exclusively breastfeeding for the first six months
Fertility options
Assisted Reproductive Technology
Sperm donor or surrogate
Intrauterine insemination
Hormone therapy
In Vitro Fertilization
Adoption
